Biology II exam I study guide

Which of these are homologous structures?

Ivy leaf and pine needle

Which eukaryotic kingdom includes members that are the result of endosymbioses that included an ancient aerobic bacterium and an ancient cyanobacterium?

Plantae

This phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing sequences for a homologous gene involved in development. Select the correct statement.

The nucleotide sequence of this gene in a mouse is more similar to the sequence in a chicken, and both are less similar to the nucleotide sequence of this gene in a frog.

In a comparison of birds and mammals, having four limbs is

a shared ancestral character.

A phylogenetic tree constructed using sequence differences in mitochondrial DNA would be most valid for discerning the evolutionary relatedness of _____.

chimpanzees and humans

The common ancestors of birds and mammals were very early (stem) reptiles, which almost certainly possessed three-chambered hearts (two atria, one ventricle). Birds and mammals, however, are alike in having four-chambered hearts (two atria, two ventricles). The four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals are best described as ________.

structural analogies

The relative lengths of the frog and mouse branches in the phylogeny in Figure 26.13 in your textbook indicate that

the homolog has evolved more slowly in mice.