BIOLOGY Lesson 5 exam

Seeds can grow into which of the following types of plants?

Angiosperms and gymnosperms

Land-based plants must have mechanisms to disperse and scatter their seeds so that new plants don't grow in the shadow of old plants. Which of the following do gymnosperms, such as pine trees, rely on to disperse fertilized seed cones?

Animals, seed wings, and wind

Which of the following angiosperm structures is responsible for producing pollen?

Anther

According to the cladogram shown, which two animal species shared the most recent common ancestor?

Birds and crocodiles

According to the cladogram of primates shown, which key cultural feature was shared exclusively by only homo sapiens and Neanderthals?

Burying dead/religious beliefs

Chlorophyll is the primary green pigment responsible for plant color. The molecule appears green because it absorbs all wavelengths of light except for green, which it reflects back for us to see. In the autumn, trees and plants undergo changes in their pigments. Which of the following best describes why we observe many trees change their color to red, orange, or yellow in the autumn?

Chlorophyll breaks down, exposing other pigment molecules we normally don't see.

One surprising fact of the animal kingdom is that only approximately 5% of animals are classified into which group?

Chordates

How would a biologist classify the plant stem shown?

Dicot stem

Which of the statements is true of saltwater and freshwater animal waste management systems?

Freshwater-based animals must have mechanisms to prevent water from trying to diffuse into their bodies.

The Jones family has had their dog, Sadie, since she was a puppy. Sadie was raised in the home, which has a letter carrier visit at the same time every day. Though Sadie used to bark and scratch the door when the letter carrier dropped off packages, now she doesn't even wake up from her nap when the letter carrier comes. Sadie is demonstrating a learned behavior that she acquired through what method?

Habituation

Most animals and plants reproduce sexually. This means that DNA is passed down to new organisms from two parental organisms. Which of the following is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

Increased genetic diversity for changing environments

The exoskeleton of insects is made primarily of the inorganic material chitin. Which statement below accurately describes a consequence of this feature?

Insects must occasionally shed their exoskeleton to grow a new one.

Animals must digest food once it's consumed. The diagram shows the steps involved in which type of digestion?

Intracellular digestion

Which structure is the site of photosynthesis within a plant?

Leaves

A new organism has been discovered. This organism has a bilaterally symmetric unsegmented body. It's capable of moving on its own with a muscular appendage and is encased in a large shell that seems to be attached to its body. Based on this evidence, which phylum would this new animal likely be classified into?

Mollusca

Which of the following is not a required process for the survival of animals?

Movement

A bird species known as the cattle egret is often found near farms in wet areas. The bird waits, sometimes even perched on a cow's back, until the cow kicks up a frog or fish while it walks. Then, the bird strikes and eats the exposed prey. This is an example of what kind of feeding relationship?

Mutualistic

Which process does the plant need energy to perform?

NOT Absorbing water into the root hairs

Which of the following is true of innate behaviors that are described as instincts?

NOT Instincts are sudden, situational behaviors. PROBABLY Instincts aren't governed by genetics, while innate behaviors are.

Internal gestation followed by live birth is an evolutionary development most likely driven by which of the following?

NOT The threat of predators to eat eggs

Which of the following describes a phenomenon that occurs when we observe plants that wilt?

NOT The xylem releases all its water.

Which statement about plant classification below is true?

No nonvascular plants bear seeds, but not all vascular plants bear seeds.

A new monkey species has developed. This species climbs trees and has opposable thumbs but does not have a prehensile tail. Which group of monkeys would this new species most likely be related to?

Old World monkeys

Which scenario matches the homeostasis strategy of kleptothermy?

People huddling together on New Year's Eve in Times Square

A lone male wolf, who doesn't have a pack, travels the forest. When he reaches a new hill that he hasn't been on before, he spends a large amount of time sniffing the trees and rock outcrops. Finally, he turns and heads back from where he came, recognizing this is another wolf's territory. What's most likely responsible for communicating this information to the wolf?

Pheromones

Plants exchange gas with the atmosphere. Which statement accurately describes this process?

Plants release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide through the stomata in leaves.

After a plant is set on a windowsill for several days, its owner comes back to find its stem bent at a sharp angle toward the glass of the window. Which of the following describes this movement of the plant in response to stimuli?

Positive phototropism

Which of the following set of characteristics accurately describes the phylum cnidaria?

Radial symmetry with only two germ layers and one digestive opening

Fish respiratory systems exchange gas and receive oxygen at the gills. This oxygen then enters the blood stream and is pumped through the heart and back through the gills without first returning to the heart. This order of events best describes which type of circulation system?

Single loop

Which of the following is often provided by anthropologists and biologists as a possible explanation for the development of bipedal hominids?

Standing upright allowed for sightlines over tall grasses and savannah shrubbery.

Root vegetables, such as carrots, are classified as what type of root system?

Taproot system

Liverworts and mosses were some of the earliest land-based plants. Which statement correctly explains why these species are still restricted to growing in moist environments?

Their gametes must swim in order to interact and for fertilization to occur.

Which of the following statements is considered true of Neanderthals?

They had some system of religious beliefs about afterlife.

Which of the following describes the properties of ferns?

They have vascular tissue such as xylem and phloem and reproduce with spores.

Insects, in contrast to chordates, have what feature in their nervous system?

Ventral nerve cord

Which of the following accurately describes the correct order of events in the process of transpiration within a plant?

Water enters the roots, gets transported through the stem, and evaporates through the leaves.

You're moving into a new apartment and trying to fit your large chair through the doorway. Your friend, who is helping you move, suggests rotating the chair a different way and seeing if it fits. However, you remember that the last time you moved the chair, it must first be reclined in order to fit through the doorway. Which choice below correctly identifies the learning strategies that you each are using in this example?

Your friend is demonstrating trial and error, and you're demonstrating insight.

A key difference between green algae and land-based plants is that

green algae don't have vascular tissue and must absorb nutrients directly from the environment.

A key feature of animal body plans is that they can show multiple types of symmetry. For example, a dog would represent bilateral symmetry, while a jellyfish and other cnidarians would represent

radial symmetry

Farmers have taken advantage of some plants that can reproduce without fertilization. This process allows plants to grow much faster and is known as

vegetative reproduction.