Biology Macromolecules Week 3
13- Which of the following is NOT an example of a monomer of carbohydrates? A) Glucose B) Monosaccharide C) Galactose D) Fructose E) C6H6O6
C6H6O6. correct molecular formula for carbohydrates is C6H12O6.
8- The double helix structure of a molecule of DNA is formed by _____ that join the complementary DNA sequences from both strands of DNA A) Phosphodiester bonds B) Peptide bonds C) Alpha helices D) Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds. bonds two nucleic acid strand in DNA together. weak.
4- Which carbohydrate would you find as a part of an RNA molecule? A) Galactose B) Deoxyribose C) Ribose D) Glucose E) Fructose
Ribose. Please remember that RNA and DNA are NUCLEOTIDES, not carbohydrates, each one has a sugar as part of the molecule.
19- Which of the following factors contributes to the diversity of protein form and function in the cell? A) Quaternary interactions between peptides B) Formation of α helices β-pleated sheets C) The linear sequence of amino acids that makes up the polymer D) All of the above
all of these contribute to diversity of protein form and function in the cell.
Why are carbohydrates important molecules for energy storage?
carbon hydrogen bonds found in carb store energy. The more reduced a molecule is the higher the energy potential to be oxidized.
27- The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called the A) Primary structure B) Secondary Structure C) Tertiary Structure D) Quaternary Structure
primary structure
1- How is a polymer formed from multiple monomers? A) From the growth of the chain of carbon atoms B) By the removal of a hydroxyl (OH) group and a hydrogen (H) atom C) By the addition of a hydroxyl (OH) group and a hydrogen (H) atom D) Through hydrogen bonding
removal of a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen
30- Assuming they all have the same number of carbon atoms, which of the following has the most carbon hydrogen bonds? A) An unsaturated fat B) A polyunsaturated fat C) A polysaccharide D) A Saturated fat
saturated fat. saturation is the number of carbon-hydrogen bonds. unsaturated holds more bonds. poly(multiple) can hold more hydrogen bonds.
32- What happens during a hydrolysis reaction? A) A protein coils into its secondary structure B) The bond between two subunits of a macromolecule is broken C) Saturated fats become unsaturated D) A bond is formed between two subunits of a macromolecule E) Water breaks ionic bonds
the bond between two subunits of a macromolecule is broken. lyse=break hydro=water hydrolysis is breaking bonds by consumption of water. happens when you eat. polymers are broken down by hydrolysis in monomers you can use.
17- What chemical property of lipids accounts for their insolubility in water? A) The length of the carbon chain B) The large number of carbon hydrogen bonds C) The branching of saturated fatty acids D) The double bond between carbons found in saturated fatty acids
the large number of carbon hydrogen bonds. C hydrogen bonds are non polar or hydrophobic.
36- Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but is not found in RNA? A) Adenine B) Guanine C) Cytosine D) Thymine E) Uracil
thymine. RNA would be thymine replaced with uracil
35- The empirical formula for carbohydrates is? A) (CHO)2 B) (CH2O)n C) 2(CHO)n D) (C2HO)n E) (CnHnOn)2
(CH2O)n carbohydrates have 1 carbon and 1 water molecules. carbo=carbon hydrate=water
44- biochemist attempting to study protein catalase. this catalyzes the production of h2o from h202. in the process he placed the protein at 100c for 15 min. what structure of protein is the biochemist most likely studying?
44- F: secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The scientist is using heat as a denaturant. The weaker hydrogen bonds, and van der wall attractions could be destroyed by such a temperature but the stronger covalent backbone would not be destroyed. Of the original structures this would only leave the primary structure as the same. The primary structure will remain the same
45- Which of the following pairs of amino acids is most likely to be found in ionic bonding A) Glycine & Alanine B) Threonine & Cysteine C) Tyrosine & Aspartic acid D) Histidine & Proline E) Glutamic acid & Lysine
45- E: Glutamic acid and Lysine Ionic bonding requires two oppositely charged ions. The only pair that matches this description is Glutamic acid and Lysine
46- The bond joining glucose and fructose together to form sucrose is A) A glycosidic linkage B) dehydration synthesis C) Dipole-dipole bonds D) Phosphodiester bond E) Ester linkage
46- A: Glycosidic linkage The bond that links monosaccharides together is a called a glycosidic link. The bond between a fatty acid and glycerol is an ester bond.
47- What bond links the fatty acid tail to the glycerol in a lipid A) Glycosidic B) Peptide C) Ester D) Phosphodiester E) Van der Waals
47- C: Ester linkage The bond that links fatty acids to the glycerol head in lipids is an ester bond. An ester bond is an oxygen linked to two carbons.
48- Cholesterol moderates membranes by? A) Removing double bonds from phospholipids B) Adding additional phospholipids to one side of the membrane C) Making a membrane more fluid during cold temperatures D) Adding or removing double bonds to lipids
48- C: Making a membrane more fluid during cold temperatures Cholesterol helps buffer membrane fluidity by making it more rigid in hot temperatures and more fluid during cold temperatures.
What does a protein lose when it denatures? A. its primary structure B. its native conformation or 3-dimensional shape C. its peptide bonds D. its sequence of amino acids E. its biological function F. both B and E are correct
54- F- denaturing causes changes in the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of the protein and it results in the protein losing its function.
The chemical reaction illustrated in the following figure results in the formation of A. a polysaccharide B. a polypeptide C. a fat D. a steroid
57- B - this is a peptide bond. You should be able to recognize peptide bonds.
10- What monomers make up a protein? A) Monosaccharides B) Nucleotides C) Amino acids D) Fatty Acids
Amino acids. 20 amino acids are broken up into three categories. charged, polar, non-polar.
31- If a geneticist wished to sequence (determine the order of monomers in a polymer) a strand of DNA by breaking the linkage between the monomers of DNA which bond would the geneticist be breaking? A) Alpha helixes B) Glycosidic linkages C) Petptide D) Phosphodiester E) Hydrogen bonds
Phosphodiester bonds link nucleic acids together.
3- Plant cells store energy in the form of ___, and animal cells store energy in the form of ____ A) Fructose; Glucose B) Disaccharides; Monosaccharides C) Cellulose; Chitin D) Starch; Glycogen
Starch and glycogen
Which part of an amino acid has the greatest influence on the overall structure of a protein? A) The amino (NH2) group B) The R-group C) The carboxyl (COOH) group D) Both A & C E) Both B & C
The R-group. amino acids have same backbone (except proline) what determines a proteins structure is it's different R groups in amino acids
5- What is one of the major differences between cellulose and starch? A) Starch is produced by plant cells, and cellulose is produced by animal cells B) Cellulose forms long filaments, and starch is highly branched C) Starch is insoluble, and cellulose is soluble D) All of the above
cellulose forms long filaments and starch is highly branched. cellulose is used by plants and prokaryotes for structure. starch forms alpha helices.
43- Chaperone proteins A) Are found in the nucleus and aid in the folding of DNA B) Degrade proteins that have folded incorrectly C) Help new proteins fold correctly and repair incorrectly folded proteins D) Are only present in cells that are exposed to high temperatures E) Work through hydrophobic interactions
help new proteins fold correctly and repair incorrect folded proteins. found in endoplasmic reticulum
20- If you remove all of the functional groups from an organic molecule, the molecule would most resemble a _____. A) Carbohydrate B) Carbonyl C) Carboxyl D) Hydroxyl E) Hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon. if you remove all of the functional groups from an organic molecule it would most resemble a hydrocarbon.
40- A hydrocarbon is saturated if- A) One end of the molecule is hydrophilic while the other end is hydrophobic B) It has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms C) It contains more than one functional group D) Each internal carbon atom is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms E) Its functional groups include at least one aromatic ring
its functional groups include at least one aromatic ring internal carbon is covalently bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms
12- An isolated sample of cellular debris was isolated and determined to have two long tails of carbon hydrogen bonds. To which group of macromolecules would this isolate probably belong to? A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Nucleic acids D) Carbohydrates E) Any of the above, not enough information to determine
lipds. contains many carbon hydrogen bonds. (hydrocarbons).
11- What monomers make up Nucleic acids? A) DNA B) Amino Acids C) Nitrogenous bases D) Ribose E) All of the above F) None of the above
none. monomers that make up nucleic acids are nucleotides. RNA-atp, utp, gtp, ctp DNA-datp, dttp, dgtp, dctp
6- A molecule of DNA or RNA is a polymer made of- A) Monosaccharides B) Nucleotides C) Amino acids D) Fatty Acids
nucleotides. they are monomers of all nucleic acids.
7- What chemical bond is responsible for linking amino acids together to form a protein? A) Phosphodiester bonds B) an β-1,4 linkage C) Peptide D) Hydrogen
peptide. peptide bond links a carboxylic acid functional group to an amine on two amino acids.
9- Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? A) Deoxyribose sugar versus Ribose sugar B) Thymine versus uracil C) Double-stranded versus single stranded D) Phosphodiester versus hydrogen bonds
phosphodiester vs hydrogen bonds. DNA and RNA monomers are joined by phosphodiester bonds
16- A mutation that alters a single amino acid must alter- A) The primary level of protein structure B) The secondary level of protein structure C) The tertiary level of protein structure D) The quaternary level of protein structure E) None of the above
primary level of protein structure. a change in amino acid.