Biology Midterm Review- Most missed Questions
Medical researchers want to test the effects of a new blood pressure medicine on humans. The hypothesize the new medicine will decrease blood pressure. They give patients in the experimental group 100 mg of the new medicine in a pill form that is taken orally. What would the control group take?
100mg of a neutral substance ( sugar) in pill form taken orally (placebo)
A plant cell takes in essential ions from the soil around. The plant cell has high concentration of these ions but continues to bring them in so it can maintain this high concentration. This is an example of
Active Transport
What process is being shown in the diagram ( 13 molecules inside of the cell moving outside of the cell with 26 molecules- energy is being used to move them against the concentration gradient)
Active Transport
What process is being shown in the diagram ( Many molecules outside the cell flowing into the cell through a protein in the cell membrane to area with only one molecules)
Diffusion
What is the monomer of starch?
Glucose
What organelle is in this diagram? ( flattened stacks of pita bread)
Golgi Body
Small cells have this kind of surface area to volume ratio
High Surface Area to Volume Ratio
What type of bond gives water the unique properties to support life on Earth?
Hydrogen Bonds
Adds Water to Break Bonds ( Digestion)
Hydrolyisis
A student is studying the effect of caffeine on heart rate of Daphnia. What is the independent and dependent variable?
Independent: Caffeine Dependent: Heart Rate
What axis should the independent and dependent variable be plotted on?
Independent: X-Axis Dependent: Y-Axis
Synapsis ( coming together of Homologous chromosomes) and crossing over only occur during
Meiosis
What process is going on in the diagram ( one cell is going through two cell divisions and dividing into four haploid cells) ?
Meiosis
This enzyme functions best at what pH- half way between 0-14 ( hint the answer is not a number)
Neutral
A shark is found dead on the beach. What is the only process that could still occur in this organism?
Passive Transport ( Diffusion)- No energy
When does crossing over occur during meiosis?
Prophase I
The second step of protein synthesis occurs at the
Ribosome
What is the function of starch
Store extra sugars
Synthesis
Taking out water to make something larger and more complex - in this photo water is being removed from glycerol and fatty acids in order to build a lipid
What is a frameshift mutation?
When insertions/deletions cause mRNA to be read incorrectly
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
independent variable
During sexual reproduction, our bodies makes gametes which have half the genetic information. Meiosis is similar to shuffling a deck of cards and randomly selecting 23 for your hand. Then during fertilization the chromosomes from the mom and dad are combined to make a total of 46. Due to this sexual reproduction is sometimes referred to as...
sorting and recombination
What property or properties of water leads to capillary action?
Cohesion & Adhesion
A student notices that the grass is wet when he walks his dog in the morning. The Water droplets ( dew) on the grass are an example of water sticking to other substances known as...
Adhesion
A muscle cell produces lactic acid. Is this aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic
A flower is placed is a vase filled with blue colored water. The blue colored water continues to diffuse into the xylem and rise upward against the flow of gravity to the flower. The flower turns blue. What property of water allows water to rise against the flower of gravity and turn the flower blue
Capillary Action
What property of water leads to surface tension?
Cohesion
What process is occurring in the diagram? ( DNA is unwinding/unzipping and using the template to synthesize the complimentary
DNA Replication
Body cells have a full set of DNA. In humans we have 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes. This means that our body cells do or do not contain our homologous chromosomes?
Do contain!
A student is studying the effect of caffeine on heart rate of Daphnia. The student sets up two groups. Group A consisted of Daphnia in neutral water similar to its natural habitat. Group B consisted of Daphnia is an aquatic environment with the addition of caffeine. Which group is the control group?
Group A
Examine the photo. Moving from the left to the right, look at the first cell and then the second? What phase occurred and what happened to the DNA? ( The first cell has single stranded chromosomes, the second cell has double stranded chromosomes -sister chromatids)
Interphase & Replication
What organelle is in the image? ( jelly bean shape with squiggles)
Mitochondria
What process is going on in the diagram ( one cell is dividing into two)?
Mitosis
What process is occurring in the diagram? ( Note the the organism is growing making more cells and its going from one to two, two to four, four to eight, eight to sixteen, etc etc etc)
Mitosis
What organelle is the arrow pointing to in this image ( largest organelle in the cell only Eukaryotas have these)
Nucleus
Why do we have 2 of every kind of chromosome
One from mom and one from dad
In the photosynthesis equation, which of the products is the by-product?
Oxygen Gas
The bubbles of oxygen coming out of the plant, shows that the elodea ( aquatic plant) is doing what process?
Photosynthesis- because oxygen is a product of photosynthesis and is excreted
What organism makes starch
Plants
Why do cells need to be small?
So they can get nutrients and oxygen across the cell membrane and through the cell fast enough to survive
Why can't starch, triglycerides, or proteins get through the cell membrane
They are too big
How are plant cells and bacteria cells similar?
They both have cell walls & DNA
How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?
They have - Cell Membrane -Cytoplasm - DNA -Ribosomes
What base is only found in RNA?
Uracil
What is a point mutation?
change in a single nucleotide ( substitution)
The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.
dependent variable
Gene
section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins
Transcription
synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Protein Synthesis
the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA
The first step of Protein synthesis is
transcription