Biology - Muscular, Skeletal, Mechanisms of Disease, Blood, Nervous System

Complete the following statements about one- and two-trait crosses and probability by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. genotype B. multiplied C. adds D. product, sum E. genotype F. square

Complete the following statements about the basic components of the cardiovascular system by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. heart and blood vessels B. heart, blood vessels C. circulation D. tissue fluid

Complete the following statements about the underlying causes of cardiovascular disease in humans by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. hypertension, atherosclerosis B. heart attack C. diet D. gum disease

Complete the following statements about the role of hemoglobin in gas transport by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. oxygen B. polypeptide, iron C. lungs D. carbon monoxide E. 4

Complete the following statements about genotypes and phenotypes by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. phenotype B. alleles C. genotype D. two E. homozygous dominant F. homozygous recessive G. heterozygous dominant

Complete the following statements about environmental effects on gene expression by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. phenotype B. polygenic C. sun exposure D. alcohol use disorder E. enzymes

Complete the following statements about disorders associated with blood clotting by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. platelets, increased B. thromboembolism C. hemophilia D. bleeding

Complete the following statements about how pathogens become resistant to antibiotics by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. resistant B. survive C. drug-resistant D. nonresistant E. drug-resistant, difficult to treat

Complete the following statements about neurotransmitters by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. signals B. cannot, synaptic vesicles C. synaptic cleft, receptor D. Acetylcholine E. Serotonin

Complete the following statements about the functions of the cardiovascular system by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. transport B. oxygen and nutrients, wastes C. hormones, cells and antibodies D. homeostasis

A naked virus fuses with host cell membrane.

False

Viruses with spikes usually enter host cells by endocytosis.

False

The infectious form of the protein is designated

PrP Sc

Action potentials are carried by the ______ from the bundle branches to the ventricular walls.

Purkinje fibers

The concentration of sodium ions is greater outside the axon than inside the axon during the resting potential. Why is that the case? Multiple

The sodium-potassium pumps actively transport sodium ions outside of the cell.

Synaptic vesicles contain chemicals called neurotransmitters. What is the function of these neurotransmitters?

They act as chemical signals that relay information between neurons.

A disease that is newly appearing or rapidly increasing in incidence in human populations is called

an emerging disease

Blood moves from the atria to the ventricles through which valves?

atrioventricular valves

Viral spikes

attach specifically to host cell receptors.

Within a neuron, information is transmitted down the length of a single axon through

electrical signals called action potentials.

Blood received into the heart from the systemic circuit is

low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.

Prions are infectious proteins that lead to ________ diseases.

neurodegenerative

Blood from the systemic circuit enters the heart and flows into the ______ before being pumped into the lungs.

right atrium, and then right ventricle

The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is

sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.

In cases of viral entry by endocytosis, after the virus is released from the vesicle into the host cell cytoplasm

the capsid protein is removed.

Complete the following sentence. During an action potential

the gates of the sodium channels open first and sodium ions flow down their concentration gradients to the inside of the cell. The gates of the potassium channels open second and potassium ions flow down their concentration gradients to the outside of the axon.

The pulmonary circuit delivers blood to and from _____, while the systemic circuit delivers blood to and from _____.

the lungs; the tissues of the body

Blood leaving the left ventricle enters ______, while blood leaving the right ventricle enters ______.

the systemic system; the pulmonary system

Complete the following statements about factors affecting human blood pressure by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. aorta B. arteries C. decreases D. sphygmomanometer E. millimeters of mercury F. veins, skeletal G. valves

Complete the following statements to demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between pulse and heart rate by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. arteries B. radial artery, carotid artery C. heart rate, 60 and 80 beats per minute

Complete the following statements about the purpose of the lymphatic system in circulation by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. assists B. exchanges C. tissue fluid D. veins E. lymph

Complete the following statements about sex-linked inheritance by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list

A. autosomes B. sex-linked, X, Y C. two X chromosomes, one X chromosome D. males, one X chromosome, expressed

Complete the following statements about tuberculosis, malaria, and influenza by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. bacterium B. slow C. 4 - 12 weeks D. protist E. influenza

Complete the following statements about the processes that move materials across the walls of a capillary by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. blood pressure B. osmotic pressure C. arterial D. venous

Complete the following statements about the path of blood through the heart by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. carbon dioxide B. tricuspid C. pulmonary semilunar D. pulmonary veins E. mitral F. aorta

Complete the following statements about how blood clotting relates to homeostasis by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. clotting factos B. within blood vessels C. cardiovascular D. cannot adequately form, forms too many

Complete the following statements about blood flow regulation by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. constrictions and dilations B. constriction C. sphincters D. valves, heart

Complete the following statements about some of the disorders associated with white blood cells by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. enzyme B. B and T lymphocytes C. proliferation D. mononucleosis E. reactivate

Complete the following statements about the function of white blood cells by selecting the appropriate term from each dropdown list.

A. fighting infections, immune B. cancer cells C. phagocytosis D. monocytes, neutrophilis E. lymphocytes

Which of the following is true concerning the heart conduction system?

Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular node.

Which of the following is a benefit of using chemical signals rather than electrical signals to send messages to the next neuron?

All of the answer choices are correct. (Electrical signals are too weak to cross the synaptic cleft) (The distance between neurons is too far for an electrical signal to travel.) (Multiple neurotransmitters are able to be released at once, increasing the range of responses generated.)

Which of the following is true regarding the action potential of a neuron?

All of the answer choices are correct. (It is an all-or-none phenomenon, meaning there are no partial action potentials.) (The voltage generated must cross the threshold for it to occur.) (It occurs when the membrane depolarizes, meaning it has a rapid change in the electrical potential.)

Once neurotransmitters flow into the synaptic cleft between two neurons

All of the answer choices are correct. (they bind to receptor proteins on the surface of the postsynaptic neuron.) (they cause receptors to release sodium ions into the postsynaptic neuron.) (they start a chain of events that results in a new action potential being generated within the postsynaptic neuron.)

During a resting potential, which of the following situations is true?

The axon is not conducting an impulse and the inside of the axon is negative compared to the outside of the axon.

A harmless PrP is converted into the infective PrP

by an abnormal PrP that binds to the normal protein and causes it to become misfolded.

In viral entry by endocytosis

host plasma membrane surrounds whole virion and forms a vesicle.