Biology
Refer to the paragraph on lymph hearts. What effect would increasing lymph heart pressure have first?
Blood volume would increase.
The endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis through positive feedback.
False
Which of the following best describes fibrinogen?
Fibrinogen is a plasma protein involved in clotting.
You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem?
Platelets are not functioning properly, or there are too few to be effective.
What happens when the diameter of an artery decreases?
The blood pressure increases.
Why do new red blood cells survive for only a few months?
The oxygen that red blood cells carry damages their organelles.
Insulin stimulates liver cells to store glucose in the form of glycogen.
True
Small amounts of testosterone are made in the ovaries and adrenal glands of females.
True
A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the _____.
activation of prothrombin to thrombin
The endocrine gland indicated by a "1" corresponds to the:
adrenal cortex
Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of the _____.
adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine
An anthropologist discovers the fossilized heart of an extinct animal. The evidence indicates that the organism's heart was large, was well-formed, and had four chambers, with no connection between the right and left sides. A reasonable conclusion supported by these observations is that the _____.
animal was endothermic and had a high metabolic rate
The coronary arteries that bring blood to the heart branch off from the:
aorta
The diagnosis of hypertension in adults is based on the _____.
blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or greater than 90 mm Hg diastolic
During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of _____.
carbon dioxide
What force is most important in returning blood back to the heart in the veins?
contraction of the skeletal muscles in the body
The human cardiovascular system is comparable in some ways to a car's:
cooling system
Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize _____.
diffusion
Atria contract _____.
during systole
If a portion of the pancreas is surgically removed from a rat and the rat subsequently loses its appetite, one explanation is that the removed portion contains cells that secrete a chemical signal that somehow stimulates appetite. Given this scenario, what type of chemical signaling is occurring?
endocrine
Which of the following is a steroid hormone?
estrogen
The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the _____.
fishes
To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n) _____.
four-chambered heart
In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?
frogs
Which endocrine disorder is correctly matched with the malfunctioning gland?
gigantism — the anterior pituitary gland
Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?
giraffe
Analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual who had not eaten for twenty-four hours would be expected to reveal high levels of _____.
glucagon
Which hormone causes glucose to be produced from the breakdown of protein and fat?
glucagon
Through nervous stimulation, the hypothalamus controls the release of which hormone?
growth hormone
Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the _____.
hypothalamus
Hormones that are released by the posterior pituitary were made in the:
hypothalamus
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs?
left atrium
Which chamber of the heart is connected to the aorta?
left ventricle
Which organ that is a target of insulin plays the most significant role in regulating sugar levels in circulation?
liver
Release of most hormones is controlled by:
negative feedback
Melatonin is secreted by the_____.
pineal gland during the night.
Removing which of the following glands would have the most wide-reaching effect on bodily functions of an adult human?
pituitary gland
Which blood component is made of fragments of cells rather than a complete cell?
platelets
Blood flow from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart is known as the:
pulmonary circulation
Which vein in the body carries oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
If someone has an iron deficiency in the diet, which part of the blood would this mainly impact?
red blood cells
Many people regularly donate plasma. Which of the following substances is not given when the plasma is donated?
red blood cells
A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's _____.
target cell
Which of the following are similar in structure to cholesterol?
testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?
the pancreas
The circulatory systems of bony fishes, rays, and sharks are most similar to _____.
the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber
Veins always carry blood:
toward the heart
Flying insects typically _____.
utilize high numbers of mitochondria in flight muscles
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals?
vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery
Which of the following may be found in blood plasma?
water, proteins, nutrients, and ions
