Biology

The cell membrane A) encloses the contents of a cell. B) allows materials to enter and leave the cell. C) is selectively permeable. D) All of the above

ALL A) encloses the contents of a cell. B) allows materials to enter and leave the cell. C) is selectively permeable

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that A) receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. B) packages molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum. C) is involved in the distribution of proteins. D) All of the above

ALL A) receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. B) packages molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum. C) is involved in the distribution of proteins.

Energy is required for a variety of life processes including A) growth and reproduction. B) movement. C) transport of materials across cell membranes. D) All of these

ALL: growth and reproduction, movement, transport of materials across cell membranes.

The energy required for active transport mechanisims such as exocytosis and endocytosis is A) ATP produced in the cholroplasts B) DNA stored in the nucleus C) ATP produced in the mitochondrion D) Carbohydrate molecules on marker proteins

ATP produced in the mitochondrion

When glycolysis occurs, A) a molecule of glucose is split. C) some ATP is produced. B) two pyruvates are made. D) All of these

All - a molecule of glucose is split, some ATP is produced, and two pyruvates are made

When a signal molecule binds to a receptor protein, the receptor protein may A) change the permeability of the membrane. B) cause the formation of a second messenger molecule. C) catalyze certain chemical reactions in the cell. D) All of the above

All of the above

Urinalysis involves testing urine for the presence of specific chemicals. One chemical that is present in the urine of diabetics is glucose. Which solution could be used to determine whether or not glucose is present in the urine? A) Lugol's B) Benedict's C) Biuret's D) Sudan III

Benedict's

Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration? A) electron transport B) glycolysis C) Krebs cycle D) Calvin cycle

Calvin cycle

Ray and Abby perfom the lab above, and their cracker slurry tests positive for starch and negative for lipids, proteins, and sugar. What would be a valid conclusion from their data? A) Crackers contain lipids, proteins, and sugar, but not starch. B) Crackers are made of lipids, proteins, and sugar, which is turned into starch during the baking process. C) Crackers contain starch, but not lipids, proteins, or sugar. D) Crackers made from starch are less nutritious than crackers made from protein.

Crackers contain starch, but not lipids, proteins, or sugar.

The two types of nucleic acids are A) chlorophyll and retinal. C) lipids and sugars. B) DNA and RNA. D) glucose and glycogen.

DNA and RNA

Haploid reproductive cells are: A)Zygote B) karyotype C) mutations D) gametes E) cell cycle

Gametes

The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the A) nucleus. C) central vacuole. B) Golgi apparatus. D) nuclear envelope.

Golgi apparatus

During a lab experiment, a scientist needs to test an unknown sample for the presence of starch. Which solution should the scientist use? A) Benedict's B) Lugol's C) Biuret's D) Sudan III

Lugol's

Which of the following is true about cell division? A) Meiosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells B) Mitosis produces four genetically identical haploid cells C) Meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells D) Mitosis produces two genetically different diploid cells

Meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells

A microscope with a 4´ objective lens and a 10´ ocular lens produces a total magnification of A) 14´. C) 400´. B) 40´. D) 4000´.

Objective * Ocular 40´

Myra's task during a lab experiment was to determine whether or not a food sample contained fat. Which of the solutions should Myra use to detect fats? A) Lugol's B) Benedict's C) Biuret's D) Sudan III

Sudan III

Jonathan and Maria performed a lab similar to the Mcmush lab, except they tested a slurry made from crackers. Thier results show that the crackers contain both protein and fat. After checking the packaging for the crackers, the students were surprised to find that protein and fat are not listed on the nutritional label. No other groups in their class have results that show protein and fat present in the sample. Which of the following would be considered a source of error in their procedure? A) The sample cooled down as it sat at room temperature. . B) Test tubes were re-used and may have contained contaminants. C) Several lab groups conducted the protein test at the same time D) They used test tubes of a different size than those used by the others.

Test tubes were re-used and may have contained contaminants.

a diploid cell that results from the fusion of two gametes A)Zygote B) karyotype C) mutations D) gametes E) cell cycle

Zygote

You are given four test tubes containing purified biological macromolecules. The test tubes are unlabeled except for a number between 1 and 4. You are told that one test tube contains a protein, one contains a lipid, one contains a carbohydrate, and one contains a nucleic acid. You then perform some tests on the macromolecules and collect the following information: 1) Test tubes #2 and #4 contain nitrogen, but the other tubes do not. 2) The contents of test tube #3 are not soluble in water, but the contents of the other test tubes are soluble in water. 3) The contents of test tube #1 can be broken down into subunits that are all exactly identical to each other. 4) The macromolecule in test tube #2 is found to have a globular shape. What are the identities of the macromolecules present in the four test tubes? Match your answers with the test tube numbers below. 155. Test tube #1 contains a A) carbohydrate. B) protein. C) lipid. D) nucleic acid.

a carbohydrate

The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is A) a carbon molecule. C) a carbon atom. B) a carbon macromolecule. D) an element.

a carbon atom

Which of the following organic molecules are most closely related to proteins? A) amino acids B) fatty acids C) nucleotides D) sugars

amino acids

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell? A) amoeba B) virus C) bacterium D) liver cell

bacterium

The selectively permeable membrane and its varied proteins help cells establish: A) equilibrium. B) homeostasis. C) equality. D) both a and b.

both equilibrium and homeostasis.

The process of cellular respiration A) is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. B) breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. C) occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis. D) occurs only in animals.

breaks down food molecules to release stored energy

All organic compounds contain the element A) carbon. B) nitrogen. C) calcium. D) sodium.

carbon

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, or decreases the required activation energy for a reaction is called a _____. A) coefficient B) inhibitor C) reactant D) catalyst

catalyst

a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division A)Zygote B) karyotype C) mutations D) gametes E) cell cycle

cell cycle

The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is the A) nucleus. C) nuclear membrane. B) cell wall. D) cell membrane.

cell membrane

The smallest units of life are A) cells. B) mitochondria. C) chloroplasts. D) None of the above

cells

Chemical energy stored in food molecules is released through A) fermentation. C) cellular respiration. B) photosynthesis. D) None of these

cellular respiration

Proteins that act like selective passageways in the cell membrane are known as A) marker proteins. B) channel proteins. C) receptor proteins. D) None of the above.

channel proteins

The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the A) mitochondria. C) Golgi apparatus. B) chloroplasts. D) vacuoles.

chloroplasts

Many short, hairlike structures that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called A) flagella. B) microtubules. C) microfilaments. D) cilia.

cilia

The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a A) hydrogen bond. C) covalent bond. B) nonpolar bond. D) water bond.

covalent bond

The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a(n) A) hydrogen bond. C) covalent bond. B) ionic bond. D) water bond.

covalent bond

Genes are exhcanged between homologous chromosomes during the process called A) fertilization.. B) crossing-over. C) meiosis D) telophase II.

crossing-over

Water is a polar molecule because A) it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom. B) it has a charge. C) different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges. D) it does not have a charge.

different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges

Which of the following does not require energy? A) diffusion C) active transport B) endocytosis D) sodium-potassium pump

diffusion

A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n) A) nucleus. C) element. B) cell. D) molecule.

element

Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through diffusion or active transport move in by A) exocytosis. C) the sodium-potassium pump. B) endocytosis. D) None of the above

endocytosis

One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part of the cell to another is the A) endoplasmic reticulum. C) Golgi apparatus. B) mitochondrion. D) cytoplasm.

endoplasmic reticulum

As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances A) always remains greater inside a membrane. B) eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane . C) always remains greater outside of a membrane. D) becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane.

eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane

Ridding the cell of materials by discharging the materials in vesicles is called A) osmosis. C) exocytosis. B) diffusion. D) endocytosis.

exocytosis.

Which organic molecules below are most closely related to lipids? A) amino acids B) fatty acids C) nucleotides D) sugars

fatty acids

Spermatogenesis produces A) four haploid cells B) four diploid cells C) four polar bodies D) two haploid cells

four haploid cells

A cell will swell when it is placed in a(n) A) hypotonic solution. C) isotonic solution. B) hypertonic solution. D) None of the above

hypotonic solution

Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule? A) carbohydrate B) ice C) lipid D) nucleic acid

ice

The random distribution fo homologous chromosomes during meiosis is called A) fission B) budding C) crossing over D) independent assortment

independent assortment

a picture of chromosomes in an individual's cells A)Zygote B) karyotype C) mutations D) gametes E) cell cycle

karyotype

You are heating a substance in a test tube. All of these are safety precautions you should take except: A) Leave the test tube unattended while it heats. B) Wear lab safety goggles. C) Make sure the glass does not have any chips or cracks. D) Point the test tube away from all people.

leave the test tube unattended while it heats

You are given four test tubes containing purified biological macromolecules. The test tubes are unlabeled except for a number between 1 and 4. You are told that one test tube contains a protein, one contains a lipid, one contains a carbohydrate, and one contains a nucleic acid. You then perform some tests on the macromolecules and collect the following information: 1) Test tubes #2 and #4 contain nitrogen, but the other tubes do not. 2) The contents of test tube #3 are not soluble in water, but the contents of the other test tubes are soluble in water. 3) The contents of test tube #1 can be broken down into subunits that are all exactly identical to each other. 4) The macromolecule in test tube #2 is found to have a globular shape. What are the identities of the macromolecules present in the four test tubes? Match your answers with the test tube numbers below. Test tube #3 contains a A) carbohydrate. B) protein. C) lipid. D) nucleic acid.

lipid

Only eukaryotic cells have A) DNA.. B) membrane-bound organelles. C) ribosomesD) cytoplasm.

membrane-bound organelles

A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of A) chromosomes. C) mitochondria. B) vacuoles. D) lysosomes.

mitochondria

C6H12O6 + 6O2 => 6CO2 + 6 H2O This equation begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the A) cytoplasm. B) mitochondria. C) endoplasmic reticulum. D) cell membrane.

mitochondria

The process that contributes to the formation of the embryo from the zygote is A) oogenesis B) fission C) meiosis D) mitosis

mitosis

Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur A) more quickly. B) more slowly. C) at a constant rate. D) None of these

more slowly

Liquid fats called oils contain A) mostly unsaturated fatty acids. C) many glucose molecules. B) mostly saturated fatty acids. D) amino acids.

mostly unsaturated fatty acids

changes in genetic material: A)Zygote B) karyotype C) mutations D) gametes E) cell cycle

mutations

Nonpolar molecules have A) no negative or positive poles. C) only a negative pole. B) both negative and positive poles. D) only a positive pole.

no negative or positive poles

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the A) nucleolus. C) ribosome. B) nuclear wall. D) nuclear envelope.

nuclear envelope

You are given four test tubes containing purified biological macromolecules. The test tubes are unlabeled except for a number between 1 and 4. You are told that one test tube contains a protein, one contains a lipid, one contains a carbohydrate, and one contains a nucleic acid. You then perform some tests on the macromolecules and collect the following information: 1) Test tubes #2 and #4 contain nitrogen, but the other tubes do not. 2) The contents of test tube #3 are not soluble in water, but the contents of the other test tubes are soluble in water. 3) The contents of test tube #1 can be broken down into subunits that are all exactly identical to each other. 4) The macromolecule in test tube #2 is found to have a globular shape. What are the identities of the macromolecules present in the four test tubes? Match your answers with the test tube numbers below. Test tube #4 contains a A) carbohydrate. B) protein. C) lipid. D) nucleic acid.

nucleic acid

Which of the following organic molecules are most closely related to nucleic acids? A) amino acids B) fatty acids C) nucleotides D) sugars

nucleotides

cell : cell membrane :: A) nucleus : chromosome C) chromosome : DNA B) nucleus : nuclear envelope D) cell : DNA

nucleus:nuclear envelope

A structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) A) organelle. B) organ tissue. C) tissue. D) biocenter.

organelle.

The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called A) solubility. C) selective transport. B) osmosis. D) endocytosis.

osmosis

Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of A) water. B) carbon dioxide. C) oxygen. D) glucose.

oxygen.

Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of A) respiration. B) fermentation. C) photosynthesis. D) glycolysis.

photosynthesis

The interior portion of a cell membrane forms a nonpolar zone that A) allows polar molecules to pass through the membrane. B) allows food to pass through the membrane. C) prevents ions and most large molecules from passing through the membrane. D) None of the above

prevents ions and most large molecules from passing through the membrane.

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that A) nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes. B) mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes. C) Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes. D) prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus

You are given four test tubes containing purified biological macromolecules. The test tubes are unlabeled except for a number between 1 and 4. You are told that one test tube contains a protein, one contains a lipid, one contains a carbohydrate, and one contains a nucleic acid. You then perform some tests on the macromolecules and collect the following information: 1) Test tubes #2 and #4 contain nitrogen, but the other tubes do not. 2) The contents of test tube #3 are not soluble in water, but the contents of the other test tubes are soluble in water. 3) The contents of test tube #1 can be broken down into subunits that are all exactly identical to each other. 4) The macromolecule in test tube #2 is found to have a globular shape. What are the identities of the macromolecules present in the four test tubes? Match your answers with the test tube numbers below. Test tube #2 contains a A) carbohydrate. B) protein. C) lipid. D) nucleic acid.

protein

Enzymes in our body are made up of which biomolecule? A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) nucleic acids

proteins

Unlike passive transport, active transport A) requires energy. B) moves substances down their concentration gradient. C) does not involve carrier proteins. D) All of the above

requires energy

In a cell, proteins are made on the A) mitochondria. C) nucleus. B) ribosomes. D) cell membrane.

ribosomes

Which of the following is a form of active transport? A) osmosis C) facilitated diffusion B) diffusion D) sodium-potassium pump

sodium-potassium pump

All of the following are examples of lipids except A) saturated fats. B) starch. C) cholesterol. D) earwax.

starch

All of the following are examples of carbohydrates except A) sugar. B) cellulose. C) steroids. D) glycogen.

steroids

Carbohydrates and lipids have many carbon-hydrogen bonds; therefore, they both A) store energy in these bonds. C) dissolve only in vinegar. B) are easily dissolved in water. D) exist only in cells of plants.

store energy in these bonds

The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a(n) A) active site C) organic molecule B) inactive site D) substrate

substrate

Which of the following is a carbohydrate? A) DNA B) insulin C) wax D) sucrose

sucrose

Which of the following organic molecules are classified as carbohydrates? A) amino acids B) fatty acids C) nucleotides D) sugars

sugars

During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that build the carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called A) the Calvin cycle. B) the Krebs cycle. C) the electron transport chain. D) None of these

the Calvin cycle

Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because A) the cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large. B) materials cannot enter the cell if it is too large. C) the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes. D) waste products cannot leave the cell if it is too small.

the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes.

Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is A) carbohydrates. B) water. C) the sun. D) carbon dioxide.

the sun

Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This space is called the A) mitochondrion. C) Golgi apparatus. B) chloroplast. D) vacuole.

vacuole

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is A) carbon dioxide. B) water. C) the air. D) glucose.

water