Biology Quiz 11 🙄

In eukaryotes, gene expression is regulated mostly by _____. controlling the translation of mRNA into protein controlling gene packing and unpacking controlling the transcription of genes selectively breaking down certain proteins so they cannot function

controlling the transcription of genes

Which of these acts as a second messenger? cyclic AMP G protein protein kinase G-protein-linked receptor adenylyl kinase

cyclic AMP

Cells become specialized by a process known as _____. View Available Hint(s) apoptosis differentiation signal transduction divergence

differentiation

Semiconservative replication

each new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand

Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in _____. peroxisomes mitochondria endoplasmic reticula chloroplasts lysosomes

endoplasmic reticula

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the lac operon? View Available Hint(s) regulated eukaryotic controls the uptake and use of a specific sugar inducible

eukaryotic

A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of _____. mutualism sensitization deactivation amplification a cellular response

amplification

What is needed to start a DNA strand?

RNA primer

conservative replication

the parental molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of an entirely new molecule

There is a mutation in the operator of the lac operon in a cell such that the lac repressor always stays bound to the operator. If lactose is added to the cell, what will happen? Lactose will not bind to the repressor, and lac enzymes will be produced. Lactose will bind to the repressor, and lac enzymes will be produced. Lactose will bind to the operator, and lac enzymes will be produced. Lactose will bind to the repressor, and lac enzymes will not be produced.

Lactose will bind to the repressor, and lac enzymes will not be produced.

The backbone of DNA consists of ___________ bonds

Covalent

What is the function of a spliceosome? protein activation translation protein degradation regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm RNA processing

RNA processing

A & G has__________ rings

Double

Dispersive replication

replication results in both original and new DNA dispersed among the two daughter strands

Transcription

the process of using a DNA template to make a complementary RNA

_____ bind(s) to DNA enhancer regions. RNA polymerase Promoters Introns Activators Exons

Activators

What role does a transcription factor play in a signal transduction pathway? By binding to a plasma membrane receptor it initiates a cascade. It relays a signal from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. It activates relay proteins. By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene. It is a plasma membrane protein that binds signal molecules.

By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene.

The enzyme that catalyze DNA synthesis is called _________________

DNA polymerase

Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

DNA—> RNA—> Protein

What kind of bond holds the DNA strands together in a double helix?

Hydrogen

3' located at the end of __________ strand

Hydroxyl

5' located at the end of ___________ strand

Phosphate

Part complete _____ catalyzes the production of _____, which then opens an ion channel that releases _____ into the cell's cytoplasm. Adenylyl cyclase ... IP3 .... Ca2+ Phospholipase C ... cyclic AMP ... Ca2+ Protein kinase ... PIP2 ... Na+ Phospholipase C ... IP3 .... Ca2+ Adenylyl cyclase ... cyclic AMP ... Ca2+

Phospholipase C ... IP3 .... Ca2+

What determines the start site and direction of transcription?

Promoter

How would the shape of a DNA molecule change if adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine?

The DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length

A mutation in the operator region of the trp operon can prevent the trp repressor from binding to this operator. When these mutant cells are placed in a solution containing chicken broth, which of the following events would happen? View Available Hint(s) The transcription of the repressor protein is inhibited. The transcription of the trp operon would be inhibited. The repressor would bind to the operator irrespective of the presence of amino acids in the environment. Tryptophan would bind to the repressor.

Tryptophan would bind to the repressor.

DNA polymerase can't replicate DNA unless an RNA primer is first attached to the template strand. This is because DNA polymerase can only ____________

add onto existing 3' hydroxyl groups

In prokaryotes, a group of genes with related functions that are organized and regulated as a group is called __________. View Available Hint(s) a repressor an operon RNA polymerase an activator

an operon

DNA polymerase

can only work in one direction

RNA interference (RNAi) can be used by researchers to induce the production of more mRNA. cells to prevent infections from double-stranded RNA viruses. viruses to stop the production of new proteins. researchers to artificially turn on gene expression.

cells to prevent infections from double-stranded RNA viruses.

Bacteria DNA is __________

circular

In eukaryotic cells, several proteins are involved in the process of transcription. This process involves enhancers that are __________. View Available Hint(s) a type of transcription factor bound by activators activator proteins DNA sequences overlapping the promoter of the gene that they regulate

bound by activators

Part complete The regions of noncoding DNA shown below that separate the coding regions within a gene are called __________. The figure shows transcription and RNA splicing. A DNA molecule has exons labeled 1 to 5, which are alternated by introns. A primary RNA transcript obtained from this DNA template has the same structure, but a cap and tail are added. After the RNA splicing, two m RNA molecules are possible: either the cap, exons 1, 2, 3, 5, and the tail; or the cap, exons 1, 2, 4, 5, and the tail. View Available Hint(s) redundant coding sections introns transcription factors exons

introns

Small pieces of RNA that can regulate translation of mRNA are called microRNA. ribosomal RNA. transfer RNA. messenger RNA.

microRNA.

In the presence of a regulatory protein the lac operon is _____. transcribed not transcribed transcribed at a faster than usual rate is turned on either transcribed or not transcribed

not transcribed

The lac operon in Escherichia coli prevents lactose intolerance. prevents lactose-utilizing enzymes from being expressed when lactose is absent from the environment. promotes the expression of lactose-utilizing enzymes when lactose is absent from the environment. prevents lactose-utilizing enzymes from being expressed when lactose is present in the environment.

prevents lactose-utilizing enzymes from being expressed when lactose is absent from the environment.

Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called _____. lipases ubiquitins amylase proteasomes nucleases

proteasomes

Protein-phosphorylating enzymes' role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____. protein activation translation protein degradation regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm RNA processing

protein activation

The nuclear membrane's role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____. protein activation translation protein degradation regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm RNA processing

regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm

Which of these is NOT a component of the lac operon? lactose-utilization genes only promoter only regulatory gene only operator only promoter and operator

regulatory gene only

Which molecules are not required to express a gene in eukaryotic cells? repressor protein RNA polymerase DNA-bending protein activator protein

repressor protein

Part complete A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor. G protein tyrosine kinase calmodulin signal molecule cyclic AMP

signal molecule

Regulatory proteins bind to _____. the operator the lactose-utilization genes the regulatory gene RNA polymerase transcription factors

the operator

Translation

the process of using the information in messenger RNA to synthesize proteins