Biology Quiz 3.1

Proteins are made on the...

Ribosomes

Name the three scientists mainly responsible for developing the cell theory.

Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow

One of the cells pictured below is a human brain cell. The other cell is found in human blood. Which cell came from the brain? Explain your answer.

The second one because genetics are being passed through.

Explain why viruses are not considered to be living.

All living things not only have cells; they are also capable of reproduction. Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. Instead, they infect living hosts and use the hosts' cells to make copies of their own DNA.

What does the cell theory state? (not required)

All organisms are made of one or more cells. - All the life functions of organisms occur within cells. All cells come from already existing cells.

Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.

Bacteria

All cells have certain parts in common, including a plasma membrane, ribosomes, _______, ______, and DNA.

Cytosome, cytoskeleton

____ is the genetic instructions that cells need to make proteins.

DNA

_______ cells are usually larger than _______ cells.

Eukaryotic, prokaryotic

Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are very complex.

False

DNA is located in the nucleus of prokaryotic cells.

False

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

False

Viruses are considered living organisms.

False

All organisms are made of more than one cell.

False (prokaryotes)

Viruses are similar to prokaryotic cells.

False (virus is considered not living)

What did Hooke and Leeuwenhoek discover about cells by using a microscope?

Leeuwenhoek - animalcules, and bacterial cells Hooke - Looked into a cork and found honeycomb

Are viruses alive? Discuss why or why not.

No, because they are not made up of cells.

What is an organelle? Give three examples.

Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Describe the nucleus. What can be found inside the nucleus?

Organelle that contains DNA and controls the cell.

Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nucleus.

Prokaryotes

_______ are cells without a nucleus.

Prokaryotes

cells without a nucleus

Prokaryotic cells

Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells Both contain DNA

What is one main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus.

Why are all cells very small? Explain what limits the size of cells.

To carry out life processes, a cell must be able to quickly pass substances into and out of the cell. A cell with a large volume will not have enough surface area to allow it to meet its needs.

For cells, a smaller size is more efficient

True

Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to carry out more functions than prokaryotic cells.

True

Organelles are located within the cytoplasm.

True

Proteins are made on ribosomes.

True

The plasma membrane forms the physical boundary between the cell and its environment.

True

Early microscopes created by Leeuwenhoek were almost as strong as modern light microscopes. When did he make his microscope?

True (1800s)

Observation of cork helped in the discovery of cells. Who made this observation?

True (Hooke)

All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

True (also DNA and cytoskeleton)

______ contain DNA, but do not contain cytoplasm or ribosomes.

Viruses

A ______ is a typical prokaryotic cell.

bacteria

Leeuwenhoek discovered _______ ____ by looking at the plaque from his own teeth. What else did he discover?

bacterial cells, animalcules

All organisms are made up of one or more...

cells

The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

cytoplasm

Organisms with eukaryotic cells

eukaryotes

Cells with a nucleus and other organelles.

eukaryotic cell

A cell's shape is generally related to the cell's ______.

function

A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.

nucleus

In a eukaryotic cell, DNA is found in the ________.

nucleus

A structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell.

organelle

The plasma membrane is a bilayer of ___________ that surrounds a cell.

phospholipids

A thin coat of lipids that surrounds a cell.

plasma membrane

List the 5 parts that are found in all living cells.

plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, DNA, and Cytoskeleton.

Structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.

ribosome

A particle which contains DNA, and could cause diseases.

virus