Biology quiz #4

What would happen to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution? Hypotonic solution? Isotonic solution? Why?

hypertonic solution: shrivel up Hypotonic solution: explode Isotonic solution: stay the same

Which way does water move when concerning concentration

low to high

Know the relative sizes of a meter, millimeter, micrometer and nanometer.

m= 10 about 3 feet mm= 10^-3 1,000 mm= 1m microm= 10^-6 1,000,000 microm = 1m nm= 10^-9 1,000,000,000nm= 1m

pinocytosis

movement of midsize molecules

Endocytosis & two types

moves large materials inside the cell two types of endocytosis are pinocytosis & phagocytosis

Exocytosis

moves large materials out of the cell

Diffusion

the movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration ex. red food coloring

What are the four main components of the plasma membrane?

1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. cholesterol 3. Proteins 4. Glycocalyx

What three cell structures are found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells?

1. cell walls 2. large central vacuoles (no lysosomes because the vacuoles do their job) 3. chloroplast

What are the six steps in a cell's protein production pathway, beginning with the nucleus and ending at the cell membrane?

1. nucleus holds DNA to make formula to put proteins together 2. messenger RNA (mRNA) transports the info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by copying the chain of proteins (RNA) 3. ribosomes read chemical sequence of mRNA and begins to put amino acids together in correct order 4. Rough ER holds the ribosomes with the sequences. the proteins are folded into structures (beta pleated, alpha Helix, and random coil) and turned into a transport vesicles 5. golgi complex, processes and distributes proteins (some stay in the cell and some go outside the cell) 6. the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and proteins are ejected out of the cell

Name and define the five main components of eukaryotic cells?

1. nucleus- membrane lined compartment, encloses DNA 2. other organelles-highly organized structures inside cell 3. cytosol-protein enriched fluid in cell that holds the organelles 4. cytoskeleton- internal scaffolding of protein fibers that gives the cell its structure 5. Plasma membrane- outer lining of the cell

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells: do NOT have a nucleus, smaller, always single celled, one type of organelle Eukaryotic cells: DO have a nucleus, larger, usually multiple celled but can be single celled, many organelles

Osmosis

diffusion of water, movement across semipermeable membrane from low to high concentration

What is required for active transport?

energy

What is the primary function of the organelles discussed in class? Where are they found in the cell?

primary function.. found in the cytosol

label the animal cell

see diagram

What is required for simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

simple diffusion does NOT require protein channels facilitated diffusion requires protein channels

Isotonic

surrounding fluid and the cytoplasm have the SAME level of concentration

Hypotonic solution

surrounding fluid is LESS concentrated than the cytoplasm

Hypertonic solution

surrounding fluid is MORE concentrated than the cytoplasm

phagocytosis

use "false feet" or pseudopodia to engulf whole or fragmented cells to have them destroyed ex. take in bacteria

Fluid-mosaic model

view membrane as a fluid, phospholipid bilayer that has a mosaic of proteins fixed within it or capable of moving laterally across it