Biology Review

The gene for melanin (skin pigment) is transcribed similarly in humans and apes. Where does the transcription of the melanin gene take place?

Only in the nucleus.

Where in a cell does most ATP production take place?

Other cells.

Cellular (aerobic) respiration takes place in the presence of and with the use of which of the following?

Oxygen.

Which of the following must be true of their individuals if two populations are no longer the same species?

They cannot reproduce successfully with each other.

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

They have different sugars.

A hypothesis is a lucky guess.

False.

DNA translates the information in RNA to make proteins.

False.

Most scientists come up with questions to investigate out of the blue.

False.

The conclusion of a study should always be that the hypothesis is correct..

False.

Which of the following is true about the DNA molecule during transcription?

Only a small area is opened.

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA?

It transmits genetic information to the next generation.

What is the total collection of DNA in an organism called?

It's genome.

Which atom is carbon atom?

B

According to the scientific view, how many years ago did life on earth begin?

3.5 billion years ago.

If a segment of one side of a DNA molecule has 500 adenine bases, how many thymine bases does the other side have?

500.

Which statement is an accurate summary of meiosis?

A cell divides into gametes.

Which of the following is the best description of an adaptation?

A characteristic that helps an organism survive and produce.

Which term best describes the role carbon plays in the structure of compounds present in living things?

A fundamental role.

What does a nucleotide consist of?

A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate.

Which of the following occurs prior to speciation?

A population is divided.

What is a gene in its simplest form?

A segment of DNA.

Which of the following is the best definition of a gene?

A specific segment of DNA on a chromosome.

If part of the DNA gene being transcribed is TGCAAT, what will the mRNA code be for that part?

ACGUUA.

Which of the following best explains how the structure of ATP helps provide energy to the cell?

ATP contains energy in the chemical bonds between its phosphate groups.

In the desert, saguaro cacti, owls, horned lizards, and fire ants all share the same space. Which of the following can be considered a population?

All cacti in the same area.

Which of the following constitutes a gene pool?

All genes of an individuals in a specific population.

Have you had the chance to watch a tree grow over a span of several years? Did you notice that the tree grew thicker and taller? Deep in the roots of the tree and high in the growing shoots are meristem cells. Each year, the meristem cells help the tree continue to grow. When the seed of a tree first starts to grow, what would happen if the cells did not differentiate?

All of the cells would be identical.

Which genes are present in your liver cells?

All your genes are present in your liver cells.

How does speciation start to take place on a genetic level between two isolated populations?

Allele frequencies change in different ways.

Which of the following repeating units make up a protein?

Amino acids.

Which of the following is a variant of a gene?

An allele.

What is a phylogeny?

An evolutionary history.

Which of the following is not an example of an adaptation?

An individual chasing to put on a coat to stay warm.

The early organisms on earth also needed to break down glucose to generate energy to survive. Which of the following processes did they most likely use?

Anaerobic respiration.

During DNA replication in a human cell, 6 billion bases must be pulled properly. Which characteristic of DNA best allows for high levels of accuracy during this process?

Base paring according to certain rules.

The migration of a large group of animals from a summer breeding ground to a warmer winter ground would be considered which of the following?

Behavioral adaptation.

Carolus Linnaeus developed a naming system called _________.

Bionimal nomenclature.

Which of the following is true about DNA?

Both of the original DNA strands act as templates during replication.

Have you had the chance to watch a tree grow over a span of several years? Did you notice that the tree grew thicker and taller? Deep in the roots of the tree and high in the growing shoots are meristem cells. Each year, the meristem cells help the tree continue to grow. Which process is most critical for different types of tree cells to develop?

Cell differentiation.

Which process occurs directly after meiosis II?

Cell differentiation.

Which structure will you find in a prokaryotic cell?

Cell membrane.

Which of the following best shows how primary structure relates to protein function?

Charging one amino acid in the protein hemoglobin causes sickle cell anemia.

Which part of a leaf contains all the chemicals necessary for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast.

A bat's wing is used for flight while a monkey uses its hand to grasp objects. These structures have different functions, but on an anatomical level, they have a very similar bone structure. Darwin used this evidence to suggest that bats and monkeys share which of the following?

Common ancestors.

You are studying the inheritance of two characteristics in plants: red flowers (RR and Rr), which are dominant to yellow flowers (rr), and green leaves (GG and Gg), which are dominant to yellow leaves (gg). You cross a double heterozygous (RrGg) with a double recessive (rrgg), and expect to see a 1:1:1:1 ratio in the offspring. Instead, you see these results: Which phenomenon would you hypothesize accounts for the pattern you see?

Crossing over.

Which of the following tools of biotechnology do investigators use when trying to connect a suspect with a crime?

DNA fingerprinting.

Which variable is measured in an experiment?

Dependent variable.

Darwin noticed that some of the species on the Galápagos Islands looked similar to species he saw on the mainland of South America. He suggested that ancestors of those species migrated from South America to the Galápagos Islands, and then changed gradually after their arrival. What did Darwin call this type of change, when a species diverges from a common ancestor?

Descent with modification.

Which of the following is the broadest, most inclusive taxonomic group?

Domain.

What kind of allele results in the trait indicated by the green color being expressed in the individuals shown here?

Dominant.

What is the first, mos immediate, thing that happens when light strikes a chlorophyll molecule?

Electrons are energized.

Which of the following best explains how enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.

An organism new to science was discovered during a recent dive to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. This organism grows in colonies and is made up of eukaryotic cells. Whic domain would you place this organism in?

Eukaraya.

Which of the following can occur to two segments of a population if they are geographically isolated?

Eventually, they become separate species.

Most populations on earth are affected by several factors, such as genetic drift, mutations, and natural selection. Which of the following statements can be made about a population that experiences changes in gene frequencies?

Evolution is occurring in the population.

Which of the following statements is accurate about evolution?

Evolution means that a population undergoes changes in its gene frequencies overtime.

Which mechanism requires energy?

Exocytosis.

Because they share similar structures,cells all carry out the same function.

Flase.

What is the lac operon in E.Coli a classic example of?

Gene expression occurring at transcription.

What do sexual reproduction. mutation, and crossing over generate in a population?

Genetic diversity.

According to the modern synthesis of evolution, ________

Genetics and mutation generate some of the variety that natural selection acts on.

Which of the following would happen to a cell if cellular respiration suddenly ceased?

Glucose breakdown would nearly stop or cease entirely.

A male bird with bright red plumage mates and has offspring, which also have bright red plumage. Which characteristics of life is an example of this?

Heredity.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to allow a recessive lethal gene to be kept in a population over several generations?

Heterozygous.

Which statement describes a process that takes place in meiosis but not mitosis?

Homologous chromosomes pair up.

The forelimbs of mice, bats, and whales all have a similar bone structure. This is an example of which type pf evidence of shared ancestry?

Homologous structures.

What genetic condition results in the trait indicated by the blue color being expressed in the individuals shown here?

Homozygous recessive.

Bt corn is a genetically modified crop that contains a gene from another species. Which characteristic does this gene give the plant?

Insect resistance.

Which type of protein plays an important role in transmitting signals in the nervous system?

Ion chemical membrane proteins.

Which statement best explains why carbon is present in so many kinds of molecules?

It can form four covalent bonds.

Which statement is true about cell differentiation?

It causes cells to change and specialize.

What is the most important role of hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

It enables water molecules to bond to each other.

Which of the following occurs after mRNA is transcribed?

It enters the cytoplasm and moves toward ribosomes.

Have you had the chance to watch a tree grow over a span of several years? Did you notice that the tree grew thicker and taller?Deep in the roots of the tree and high in the growing shoots are meristem cells. Each year, the meristem cells help the tree continue to grow. As a tree ages, it needs to keep making more xylem and phloem cells to carry water and food. Which statement explains how this occurs?

Meristem cells divide and some of the new cells differentiate into xylem and phloem.

Which process is the total of all the chemical reactions in an organisms?

Metabolism.

When amino acids are in the code AUGGUCGGU?

Methionine, valine, and glyoine.

Which of the following would you expect to see in a family that carries an X-linked recessive trait?

More males than females express the trait.

Why do scientists study proteins to find evidence for evolution?

Proteins reflect DNA sequences, so scientists study proteins to look for genetic similarities and differences in organisms.

If DNA makes RNA, then what does RNA make?

Proteins.

Which of the following describes translation?

RNA makes proteins.

At the beginning of winter, frogs burrow into the mud at the bottom of the lakes, where they go into a hibernation like state. Which characteristic of life is this an example of?

Response.

Some types of aquatic frogs bury themselves in the mud and spend the winter hibernating at the bottom of the lakes and ponds. Which characteristic of life does this behavior represent?

Response.

Scientist think that all of life on earth originated from which type of organism?

Single-cell prokaryotes.

What are the proteins in the connective tissues of your foot examples of?

Structural proteins.

Which phrase best defines the term homologous structures?

Structures that are so similar that they imply a common ancestor.

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

Sugar and phosphates.

A zebra cell is just about to replicate its DNA. Which of the following will happen first?

The DNA unravels to make two strands.

What can radiometric dating tell you?

The absolute age of a fossil.

Which of the following statements is true about photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The chemical equations for the processes are opposite of each other.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that creates excessive mucus in human organs. What is a person with this disorder missing?

The gene that codes for an important cell membrane proteins.

What happens to E. Coli when lactose is not present?

The gene that produces the enzymes needed to break down lactose are not expressed.

Which statement correctly describes the cells produced by meiosis?

The genetic material of the original cell is divided among the new cells.

Which of the following will a bacterium produce when a human gene is added to its genome?

The human protein coded for by the human gene.

Which statement is true about water molecules?

The oxygen atom has a negative charge.

When is gene expression blocked in the lac operon system?

The repressor protein blocks the genes from making mRNA.

What is taxonomy?

The science of classification.

Biotechnology is best defined as ________?

The science that involves using living organisms to produce needed materials.

In your body why do muscle cells and skin cells look and behave differently?

Their genes are being expressed differently.

Which of the following best explains why organisms of the same species that become isolated eventually become different from each other over time?

They are exposed to different environments.

A developer wants to turn part of a local woodlot into a new housing development in the springtime, a vernal pool exists in the part of the woodlot marked for development. How might this proposed development affect the salamanders that live in the woodlot?

They would have no place to mate and lay their eggs.

Why are some scientists studying the bacteria that live in the guts of termites?

Those bacteria may contain genes that will help convert plant material to ethanol.

Which amino acids corresponds to the codon ACC?

Threonine.

Which of the following is one role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

To build a molecule of mRNA.

What is the main purpose of the light dependent reactions?

To energize electrons.

Life would cease to exist without energy from the sun or some other source.

True.

Which of the following bases are found in RNA but not in DNA?

Uracil.

Certain flightless beetles have wings. Their wings are an example of which type of structure?

Vestigial structure.

Which of the following would most likely cause geographic isolation?

Volcanic eruption.

In which direction will water molecules (the small blue spheres) move across the membrane in the illustration shown here?

Water will move from B to A.

How does water relate to the ability of a living thing to generate energy?

Without the proper balance of water, chemical reactions in cells could not take place.

Which order of events is correct?

Zygote --> stem cells --> cell differentiation.

Which of the following types of RNA carries genetic instructions for building a specific protein?

mRNA only.

Which of the following is always single stranded?

mRNA.