Biology Test #1

Name two differences and two similarities between plant and animal cells

-The two differences between plant and animals cells is that plants cells are rectangular whereas animals cells are round. Plant cells also contain a cell wall, chloroplasts,, and vacuoles meanwhile animal cells do not. -The two similarities between plant and animals cells are that they're both eukaryotic cells. They also both have several common organelles including a cell membrane, cell nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes.

What are the general names for monomers and polymers of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids? (Example: a monomer of protein is an amino acid.)

1. Carbohydrates- monosaccharide(monomers) Polysaccharides (polymers) 2. Proteins- Amino acids (monomers), Polypeptide (polymers) 3. Nucleic acids- nucleotide (monomers), DNA & RNA (polymers)

Is a hydrogen bond weak or strong? Where do we see this type of bond in water? (Remember that bonding between the H and O atoms within a water molecule is polar covalent bonding.)

1. Hydrogen bonds are weak. 2. Between molecules of water.

Know the 4 steps of the scientific method (in order) and understand a brief description of them.

1. Observation and questions 2. Hypothesis (educated guess) 3. Data collection and experiment 4. Analysis and conclusion

What 2 subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? What particle orbits the nucleus of an atom?

1. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom. 2. Electrons orbit the nucleus.

What are the 4 nucleotides of DNA?

1. Thymine nucleotide 2. Cyliosine nucleotide 3. Guanine Nucleotide 4. Adenine Nucleotide

Know the order of complexity of life from atom to tissue.

1. atoms 2. molecules 3. Organelles 4. cells 5. Tissue

What is the difference between a nonpolar and polar covalent bond?

1.A nonpolar covalent bond is when the electrons are equal in sharing between the two atoms. 2.In a polar covalent bond the electrons are unequal in sharing creating partial charges between the atoms.

Know the 3 examples of polysaccharides we discussed in lecture and their basic characteristics.

1.Cellouse- plants 2. Starch- plants but storage polysaccharide 3. Glyocen- animals

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

1.Hypothesis is a educated guess. 2.A theory is supported by many hypothesis and several experiments to become factual.

Understand the pH scale. Which direction on the scale becomes more acidic and which direction becomes more basic? Which numbers are acidic and which are basic?

1.The left side is acidic and 6.9-0 2.the right side is basic and 7.1-14

Know the examples of lipids we discussed in lecture.

1.butter 2.oil 3.steroids

What is the definition of atomic mass of an element? (Hint: it's the mass of the nucleus) What is the atomic number of an element?

1.the atomic mass is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. 2.the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 4 neutrons, and 6 electrons?

10

What is the neutral pH?

7

The bond that builds amino acid monomers into protein polymers is?

A covalent bond also known as a peptide bond

Organic compounds

Always contain carbon

What is the smallest unit of an element

An atom

A structure, such as a flower in plants, or a liver in animals, consisting of tissues organized to carry out a specific function is a(an)

An organ

Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae

Are photosynthetic

What makes Bacteria unique (opposed to Archaea and Eukarya)?

Bacteria is unique because it is a single cell without organelles, the cells lack prokaryotic and is unicellular. The DNA of bacterial cells is also very different than eukaryotic.

How do buffers resist changes in pH?

By releasing H+ or soaking up excess H+ in a solution.

The four most common elements in living organisms are

C H O N

What are the four main types of organic molecule we studied? Recognize some examples from lecture.

Carbohydrates (monosaccharides), lipids(oils), protein(chain of amino acids), nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

An element is found to have atoms with eight electrons in its outer valence shell. The atoms will be

Chemically Stable

Organisms that obtain energy by eating nutrients that make up other organisms are called

Consumer-heterotrophs

What is the specific structure of an unsaturated fatty acid?

Contains one or more double bonds.

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that contains our genes whose code is converted into RNA, a single-stranded nucleic acid, which is the code to build a chain of amino acids that form a protein.

Correct

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as cohesion.

Correct

Three examples of proteins are enzymes, hormones, and collagen.

Correct

*An atom is chemically stable (does not react with other atoms) if its electron shells (orbits) are all filled.*

Correct filled is 8 electrons.

*A covalent bond is the strongest bond and electrons are shared.*

Correct.

A(n) ________ forms when two atoms share electrons

Covalent

Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer

DNA, nucleotides

A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes

Do not have a nucleus

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein

Enzyme

What's the difference between an experimental group and a control group in a scientific experiment?

Experimental group is exposed to the independent variable. Control group is not exposed to the independent variable.

Which of the following is a group within the domain Eukarya

FUNGI

Acid dissociates in water, releasing what ions? (Hint: bases release OH- ions)

H+

________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules.

HYDROGEN

You are feeling ill, so you visit a physician. Your wish is that the physician will quickly cure your fatigue, headache, runny nose and other ailments. Instead, the physician measures your temperature, blood pressure, pulse and orders blood tests and urine analysis to determine more about your condition. The results of all of these observations and tests will help the physician assess why your body is temporarily out of 'normal' conditions, or

Homeostasis

Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity are accounted for by its

Hydrogen bonds

What are the dependent variable, independent variable, and standardized variable of a scientific experiment?

Independent variable is controlled by the researcher. ex: temperature. (Always x-axis). Dependant variable- What is measured, depends on the independent. ex: Amount of protein (Always y-axis).

Dehydration synthesis forms disaccharides from what smaller molecules?

Monosaccharide

Which of these is not a required characteristic of life

Movement

A solution with a pH of 7 is

Neutral

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

Phospholipid

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

Phospholipids

The role of a control in an experiment is to

Provides a basis of comparison to the experiment.

n the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2 H2O, the H2 molecules are ________ and the H2O molecules are ________.

Reactants; products

What is the smallest unit that has all the characteristics of life?

The cell

What are the names of the four eukaryotic kingdoms? Know the basic characteristics of each of them.

The four kingdoms are: 1.fungi 2.plantae 3.protista 4.animalia

What is the method plants use to acquire nutrients?

The sun, by photosynthesis

Which two domains are prokaryotic and which one is eukaryotic? Know the characteristics of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.

The two domains for prokaryotes are domain bacteria and domain archaea. The eukaryotic domain is domain eukaryote.

What is the scientific name for fiber and what part of a plant cell does it come from? Please explain the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber.

There are two different types of fibers, soluble and insoluble. The fiber comes from the plant cell walls. Both fibers clean out the intestines and remove waste but in different actions.Insoluble acts as toothbrush through our intestines whereas soluble fiber becomes a gel when it is mixed with liquid and moves out the intestines. Both soluble and insoluble fibers go undigested and neither enter the bloodstream.

Organic compounds all contain Carbon atoms.

True (and hydrogen)

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be

Unsaturated

How does an ionic bond form? Study my lecture example of NaCl.

When an electron gets transferred to make it stable to form an ionic bond.

A hypothesis is

a proposed explanation for a set of observations.

The four major groups of organic compounds are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides

cellulose, starch, and glycogen

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.

glycogen; starch

An acid

is a chemical that adds hydrogen ions to a solution.

In an experiment, the dependent variable is

measured during the experiment

Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom

protons and neutrons

A disaccharide forms when

two monosaccharides join by dehydration reactions.