Biology Test 2

The following figure represents which process?

dehydration synethis

Because it is a passive process, which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?

diffusion

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder

A prokaryotic cell

does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Atherosclerosis is associated with

fats with no double bonds

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called

isotonic

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.

What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar?

oh

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?

ribosomes

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP.

Mitochondria & chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________; but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ______________.

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Most animals are unable to break apart the bonds that hold cellulose together. How do grazing animals then gain their nutrition from eating primarily grasses?

bacteria

In the following figure, which cell exhibits the condition of plant cells that have been placed in a hypertonic environment?

c

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product?

c

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains

carbon and hydrogen atoms

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia?

cell from the windpipe

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

cell wall

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA

A fat is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a

dehydration reaction

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be neither created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

facilitated diffusion

The nuclear membrane differs from the plasma membrane in that the nuclear membrane is a single layer of phospholipids.

false

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback in

The principle role for sugars in living things is

for creating energy

Humans store their polysaccharides in the form of

glycogen

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane shown here provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

In addition to carbon an organic molecule must contain

hydrogen

If a material mixes readily with water it is identified as

hydrophilic

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in a _______ environment.

hypertonic

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in

maintaining cell shape.

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is seeking to fertilize an egg cell?

mitrochondria

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a

monomer

In the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called

neucleotide

ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell. The components of it are a nitrogen containing base, a pentose sugar and three phosphate groups. Given this structure it is a(n)

nucleic acid.

In the set-up shown in the figure below, which process allows the water to move across the membrane?

osmosis

The nucleus is a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes; to exit the nucleus these molecules must

pass through pores that span both membranes.

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Identify the organelle - function pairing that is INCORRECT.

plasma membrane - provides strength to plant cell walls

Glycogen is a ________ made of many __________.

polymer; glucose molecules

Both plants & animals need mitochondria to

produce atp

Which of the following levels of protein folding would include shapes identified as helix and pleated sheet?

secondary structure

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine.

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

DNA and RNA differ in that

DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is in the form of heat as the car is driven. Which of the following best describes this in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another.

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?

a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed.

A gene in DNA is the code for

a sequence for amino acids

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

Plants store their sugar in the form of

startch

Cell size is limited because _____________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface area to volume

Which of the following levels of a protein are susceptible to denaturation?

tertiary and quaternary structures

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution

the cells will shrink due to water loss by the cell.

In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles?

they are smaller

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

active

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model.

Where within the cell is ATP built up?

mitochondria

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme

the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity?

to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the enzyme of the first reaction

Enzymes, coenzymes, and cofactors provide a mechanism for a cell to regulate the metabolism of a large amount of cell products using small quantities of chemicals.

true

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present

true

The plasma membrane's hydrophilic part faces the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

true

The shape of a protein is a critical factor in its function.

true

A fatty acid that has at least two double bonds is called

unsaturated

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system?

acts as the control center of the cell

In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?

amino, protein

Which is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?

an apple

Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind; this is possible because

an enzyme binds one specific substrate.