Biology Test Chapter 12 Study Guide
Which RNA molecule carries out amino acids?
tRNA (transfer).
Which RNA is produced during transcription?
mRNA (messenger).
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
mRNA.
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
3.
For any one codon, there can be only one...
Amino Acid.
Proteins are made up of...
Amino Acids.
There are twenty different types of...
Amino Acids.
The genetic code is said to be universal because a codon represents the same (blank) in almost all organisms.
Amino acid pattern.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, each with...
An original strand an a new strand.
What happens during the process of translation?
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins.
What are the types of chromosomal mutation?
Deletion, inversion, translocation (affecting two chromosomes) and duplication.
DNA contains the sugar...
Deoxyribose.
The double coiled shape of DNA is called an...
Double Helix.
During Interphase (telophase of mitosis) DNA becomes...
Chromatin (loose).
During mitosis (prophase, metaphase and anaphase), the DNA molecules become...
Chromosome (tightly coiled).
Each set of three nitrogen bases that codes for an amino acid is known as a...
Codon.
There can be only one (blank) for the same amino acid.
Codon.
In prokaryotes, DNA is located in the...
Cytoplasm, attached to the inside of the cell membrane.
In DNA, what nitrogen base always form hydrogen bonds with guanine (G)?
Cytosine (C).
How many strands of nucleotides do RNA and DNA contain?
DNA has 2, RNA has 1.
What are the nitrogen bases for DNA and RNA.
DNA has A,T,G,C, RNA has A,U,G,C.
What sugars do RNA and DNA contain?
DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose.
What is the sequence of amino acids coded by mRNA GGUUACAAGCGA?
Glycine, tyrosine, lysine and arginine.
To unwind the DNA molecule runing transcription, what enzyme is needed?
Helicase.
What are the amino acids that are each represented by only one codon?
Methionine (AUG) and tryptophan (UGG).
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are the four (blank) in DNA.
Nitrogen Bases.
The sequence of (blank) carries the genetic information of an organism.
Nucleotides.
During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed inside the...
Nucleus.
In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the...
Nucleus.
A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)...
Point Mutation (substitution).
What are the types of gene mutation?
Point mutation (substitution) and frame-shift mutation (deletion or insertion).
Genes contain instructions for assembling...
Proteins.
The message of the DNA code is information for building...
Proteins.
DNA is copied during a process called...
Replication.
The process of (blank) produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information.
Replication.
What parts are found in a nucleotide found in DNA?
Ribose Sugar (Deoxyribose 5 carbon sugar), Phosphate Group (P) and a Nitrogen Base (A,T,G,C).
RNA contains the sugar...
Ribose.
Protein synthesis will stop when a(an) (blank) codon on an mRNA molecule is reached?
Stop.
Which amino acid is represented by the mRNA codon ACA?
Threonine.
What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal)?
To form peptide bonds between amino acids to make proteins.
What is the function of tRNA (transfer)?
To read instructions (codons) and carry the correct amino acid.
What is the function of mRNA (messenger)?
To send the instructions to make proteins from DNA inside the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What are the stop codons?
UAA, UAG, and UGA
What mRNA codon(s) represents phenylalanine?
UUU and UUC.
Unlike DNA, RNA contains the nitrogen base...
Uracil.
