Biology Unit 3
An increase in energy can change the dynamics of a system. Explain how alterations to the carbon cycle result in an increase in the amount of energy contained in the Earth system. Select the statements that explain how this addition of energy would affect the cycling of matter in other biogeochemical cycles.
An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide can cause plants to die from increased temperatures. As plants die, so do the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots, removing a large component of the ammonification process in the nitrogen cycle.
An increase in energy can change the dynamics of a system. Explain how alterations to the carbon cycle result in an increase in the amount of energy contained in the Earth system. Select the statements that explain how this addition of energy would affect the cycling of matter in other biogeochemical cycles.
An increase in carbon as atmospheric carbon dioxide causes an increase in global temperatures due to the greenhouse effect. These increasing temperatures cause greater evaporation in the hydrologic cycle.
How does carbon flow between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide from glucose generated by the process of photosynthesis.
Decomposers are an important part of many biogeochemical cycles. Some carry out aerobic respiration, and some use anaerobic respiration as they break down organic matter. Explain why decomposers are so crucial for the cycling of matter in ecosystems.
Decomposers return matter stored in living things to the soil. This allows matter to be "recycled" so that producers can again take it up.
what happens during the light dependent and the light independent stages of photosynthesis
During the Light Dependent Reactions WATER IS TAKEN IN AND SPLIT INTO O2 AND H+. The H+ moves into the Light Independent Reactions and combines with the CO2 that is taken in. The CO2 and H+ combine to make Glucose (C6H12O6). Glucose is made 24/7 and is stored for use later. O2 is made only when the light is available.
How do you know energy and matter are conserved during the process of cellular respiration?
Energy and matter are conserved in cellular respiration because it has identifiable inputs (reactants) and outputs (products). These can be modeled with chemical equations. There are the same number of molecules of each element on each side of the equation. C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + Heat The energy released in cellular respiration is a changed form of the energy that was stored in photosynthesis.
Describe how energy and matter flow, interact, and change forms throughout the Earth system.
Energy enters the Earth system when it is captured by photosynthetic organisms, which capture and store it as chemical energy when they convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars. Consumers eat these organisms, using the energy contained in their matter to grow and reproduce. Energy that is not used is excreted in waste or transformed into heat and lost to the environment, or stored. When organisms die, their matter is recycled back into the system by decomposers.
Consider a pyramid model with a producer level, a primary consumer level, a secondary consumer level, and a tertiary consumer level. Which
Energy flows through ecosystems, but only a certain amount of energy is transformed into biomass (growth).
equation for photosynthesis
Enzymes 6CO2 + 6H2O →→→ 6O2 + C6H12O6 Sun Light
The following are processes in the water cycle. Which of these processes are driven by energy from the sun?
Evaporation
What is the relationship between a food chain and trophic levels?
Food chains illustrate the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next.
An increase in energy can change the dynamics of a system. Explain how alterations to the carbon cycle result in an increase in the amount of energy contained in the Earth system. Select the statements that explain how this addition of energy would affect the cycling of matter in other biogeochemical cycles.
Forests are carbon sinks, which sequester carbon in their biomass. Deforestation results in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere. Fewer trees also means less oxygen is being produced during the oxygen cycle.
food chain correctly shows the direction that energy and matter flow through a forest ecosystem
Fruit → insect → sparrow → hawk
There is evidence that the increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are affecting phytoplankton, microscopic photosynthetic organisms in the ocean. Explain how the carbon cycle might be affected if phytoplankton were to decrease in number.
If phytoplankton were to decrease in number, the amount of carbon dioxide in the oceans would increase. At the same time, the amount of carbon being transferred from phytoplankton to zooplankton and cycling through the food web would decrease.
Which of these is the result of producers performing photosynthesis?
Makes oxygen available for cellular respiration
Consider a pyramid model with a producer level, a primary consumer level, a secondary consumer level, and a tertiary consumer level. Which of the following statements are correct?
Matter cycles and is generally conserved within or among ecosystems.
The following are processes in the water cycle. Which of these processes are driven by energy from the sun?
Melting
Which of the following terms are in the correct order, from smallest to largest?
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere, Earth
Recently, some areas in the United States have seen an increase in trees due to reforestation efforts. How might the carbon cycle be altered after a large-scale reforestation effort?
Over long periods of time, some of the carbon in these trees would undergo burial and become fossil fuels.
How is photosynthesis related to the carbon and oxygen cycles?
Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is part of the oxygen cycle, and Carbon dioxide used to make glucose during photosynthesis is part of the Carbon cycle.
The cell is a system in which processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place so that the cell can survive and maintain homeostasis. Although photosynthesis occurs only in certain producers, how does this process contribute to the survival of other organisms, including humans?
Photosynthesis produces oxygen, without which cellular respiration does not occur.
The cell is a system in which processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place so that the cell can survive and maintain homeostasis. Although photosynthesis occurs only in certain producers, how does this process contribute to the survival of other organisms, including humans?
Photosynthesis produces sugars that are required to fuel cellular respiration. Without these sugars, humans would not be able to produce energy for cellular functions.
Which of these are abiotic factors that could influence the flow of matter and energy in a biome? Select all correct answers.
Sunlight
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The inputs (reactants) of photosynthesis are the outputs (products) of cellular respiration
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The outputs (products) of photosynthesis are the inputs (reactants) of cellular respiration;
Select the statement that describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis in terms of energy and matter.
The overall reactants and products produced in photosynthesis are consumed in cellular respiration and vice versa. Photosynthesis uses light energy to build carbon-based molecules and releases oxygen. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to break down carbon-based molecules to release energy.
In a pyramid of numbers, the highest-order organism has the smallest number of individuals in an ecological community. What might happen if the population of this organism increased significantly? Choose all correct answers.
The population would eventually die off, because they would overhunt lower-level organisms.
In a pyramid of numbers, the highest-order organism has the smallest number of individuals in an ecological community. What might happen if the population of this organism increased significantly? Choose all correct answers.
The populations of lower-ordered organisms would dramatically decrease and may go extinct in the area due to the increased predation.
Consider a pyramid model with a producer level, a primary consumer level, a secondary consumer level, and a tertiary consumer level. Which of the following statements are correct?
The sun is the ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem.
Why is a desert in North America considered to be the same biome as a desert in Africa?
They have similar climates.
A student thinks that populations higher in a food chain are larger because they deplete the populations of organisms lower in the chain. Using evidence from this lesson, explain why this student's thinking is incorrect.
This is incorrect because there are fewer organisms higher in the food chain. As energy gets transferred up the food chain, less and less energy is available to those higher-level organisms. As a result, fewer can be supported.
Recently, some areas in the United States have seen an increase in trees due to reforestation efforts. How might the carbon cycle be altered after a large-scale reforestation effort?
This would decrease the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide because the new trees would absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Which of these is the result of producers performing photosynthesis?
Transfers carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere
Which of these is the result of producers performing photosynthesis?
Transfers energy from sunlight to consumers
The following are processes in the water cycle. Which of these processes are driven by energy from the sun?
Transpiration Evaporation in plants
The cell is a system in which processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place so that the cell can survive and maintain homeostasis. Although photosynthesis occurs only in certain producers, how does this process contribute to the survival of other organisms, including humans?
Without oxygen, cells could only undergo lactic acid fermentation. After a prolonged period of time, cells would begin to die from a buildup of lactic acid and a lack of ATP.
Is it true that all organisms on Earth depend on the sun as their energy source?
YES! Even the organisms that get their energy from other ways (chemosynthesis) use carbon dioxide, oxygen and Hydrogen Sulfide to make sugars
Is oxygen necessary for the production of ATP in our cells? Why or why not?
Yes! During cellular respiration, energy can be transferred from glucose molecules being broken down in glycolysis to power the Krebs cycle, and in the Krebs cycle powers the electron transport chain. Oxygen is the terminal (last) electron acceptor; without oxygen, lactic acid fermentation occurs. No oxygen = No cellular respiration
Which of these are abiotic factors that could influence the flow of matter and energy in a biome? Select all correct answers.
atmospheric gases
Which of the following are the main outputs, or products, of cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide
Which of the following are the main outputs, or products, of cellular respiration?
energy
During which process is lactic acid formed when there is not enough oxygen present for cellular respiration to take place?
fermentation
Which of the following are the main inputs, or reactants, in cellular respiration?
glucose
Which of the following are the main inputs, or reactants, in cellular respiration?
oxygen
In a prairie ecosystem, which of the following populations has the most stored energy for use by other organisms?
prairie grasses
Which of the following are the main outputs, or products, of cellular respiration?
water
Which of these are abiotic factors that could influence the flow of matter and energy in a biome? Select all correct answers.
water