Biology Unit 3

Flooding

A primary disturbance is an event that removes most of the organisms and soil from an area. Which of the following is an example of a primary disturbance?

An event that removes most of the organisms and soil from an area

A volcanic eruption can cause a primary disturbance in an ecosystem. What is a primary disturbance?

Birthrate and death rate are equal

Assuming that other factors are equal, how are the birthrate and death rate related in a stable population?

The immigration rate and the emigration rate are equal.

Assuming that other factors are equal, how are the immigration and emigration rates related in a stable population?

High biodiversity increases the chances that an ecosystem will be able to survive a disturbance.

How does biodiversity affect ecosystem stability?

More biodiversity increases stability.

How does biodiversity affect ecosystem stability?

Plant populations would suffer because the soil would have fewer available nutrients.

How would plant populations be affected if the populations of decomposers, such as earthworms, decreased dramatically?

The nonnative species would decrease biodiversity

How would the introduction of a nonnative species most likely affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

The native prey might not be able to protect itself against the new predator, so the prey population would probably decline rapidly.

How would the introduction of a predator species affect the stability of an ecosystem?

Because the plant would not reproduce as effectively, the plant population would decrease.

How would the population of flowers be affected if the bee population decreased dramatically?

Competition for food and shelter would increase, so the toucan population would decrease.

How would the toucan population be affected if the population of trees in its habitat decreased dramatically?

Water temperature decreases with depth.

In the ocean, how does water temperature change as depth increases?

Tundra

In which biome would you be most likely to find plants and animals that are adapted to survive in extremely cold temperatures?

Rain Forest

In which biome would you most likely find plants and animals that are adapted to survive in hot, humid climates?

Desert

In which biome would you most likely find plants that are adapted to survive in hot, dry climates?

immigration

Migration to a new location

Marsh

The productivity of a freshwater ecosystem depends on water movement. In which of the following freshwater ecosystems does water flow slowly and usually in more than one direction?

Stream

The productivity of a freshwater ecosystem depends on water movement. In which of the following freshwater ecosystems does water move constantly in one direction?

Bog

The productivity of a freshwater ecosystem depends on water movement. Which of the following freshwater ecosystems has very low to no water flow?

The allele frequency reaches equilibrium over time.

Under ideal conditions, how do allele frequencies change over time?

Salinity and water temperature

What are the two main abiotic factors that affect organisms in marine ecosystems?

Salinity increases

What best describes the change in salinity in an estuary at high tide (as water enters the area)?

Salinity decreases

What best describes the change in salinity in an estuary at low tide (as water leaves the area)?

Depth, geographic area, and currents

What factors affect the temperature of seawater?

The population size usually increases.

What happens to a population when emigration decreases?

The population size usually increases.

What happens to a population when immigration increases?

The place where a particular plant or animal lives

What is a habitat?

All of the resources a species uses within its ecosystem

What is a niche?

All of the living and nonliving things that interact within the same area

What is an ecosystem?

Changing water salinity

What is the most significant challenge for organisms that live in estuaries?

The native species population would decrease because the nonnative species would be competing for food sources.

What would most likely happen to a native predator species if a nonnative predator species were introduced to an area?

An adaptation is a genetic trait that improves an individual's chances of survival. Adapting is changing behavior or appearance in response to experience.

Which of the following best describes the difference between an adaptation and adapting?

Competition

Which of the following factors affecting population growth is density dependent?

Forest Fire

Which of the following factors affecting population growth is density independent?

All of the living things that interact within a forest ecosystem

Which of the following groups is a community?

All of the white-tailed deer living in a forest ecosystem.

Which of the following groups is a population?

No mutation can take place

Which of the following is a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

The coloring of a monarch butterfly alerts predators to the fact that the butterfly is poisonous.

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

Wolves work together to catch prey.

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

Individuals that are well adapted to their environment survive.

Which of the following provides the best summary of the process of natural selection?

The rates of birth and immigration were balanced by the rates of death and emigration

Which of the following situations would most likely lead to a stable population size?

Adaptations that improve the chances an individual will have a long life but that may not affect reproduction become more common within a population over time.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between adaptations and natural selection?

Allele Frequency

Which of the following terms describes how often an allele is found in a population?

Charles Darwin

Who is credited with the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Emmigration

movement of individuals out of a population

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time

density dependent factor

factor that limits a population more as population density increases