Biology Unit 4, Quiz 1
interphase
A period in the life of the cell between two periods of mitosis.
organism
A single individual living thing.
cell plate
A structure that forms across the middle of a higher plant cell in telophase. It is the beginning of a new cell wall which divides the two daughter cells from one another to finish mitosis.
spindle apparatus
A system of fibers stretching from one end of a mitotic cell to the other end.
hormone
A chemical substance made in one part of an animal or plant that causes some definite effect in the cells of another part of the same animal or plant.
meiosis
A kind of cell division involving halving the chromosome number. It is responsible for genetic recombination.
mitotic division
Cell division by means of mitosis.
homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that are the same in size, shape, and control the same characteristics. In higher animals and plants they occur in pairs.
chromosome
Discreet units of chromatin which appear during cell division. Each species has a fixed number of chromosomes.
centriole
Forms the ends of the spindle fibers in the cell during mitosis. It is normally found in animal cells.
haploid
Having a single, complete set of chromosomes. The chromosomes do not occur in matched pairs. A haploid cell has one half of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
diploid
Having chromosomes in homologous pairs.
chromatin
Material in the cell nucleus carrying hereditary information. It is made up of DNA and various kinds of protein.
centromere
Part of a chromosome which attaches to the spindle apparatus during mitosis or meiosis.
G1 phase
Period during the life of a cell between the finish of mitosis and the synthesis of more genetic material for another mitotic division.
asexual reproduction
Reproduction in which the offspring are genetic copies of the parent.
gamete
Sex cell. Eggs and sperm are examples.
cytokinesis
The actual separation of daughter cells during cell division.
daughter cell
The cell produced as a result of cell division.
parent cell
The cell which begins the process of cell division.
prophase
The first part of mitosis when the chromosomes shorten and thicken, the nucleolus breaks down, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
fertilization
The fusion of gametes to produce a new cell or zygote. Often said to be the union of egg and sperm.
chromatin
The genetic material appearing like a thread in a nucleus is called
nuclear envelope
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.
furrowing
The method of cell division in animal cells in which there is a constriction in the middle of the parent cell until the two halves of the cell divide.
mutation
The mismatch of a DNA base pair during duplication can result in a
genetic recombination
The new genetic combinations of information which take place as a result of meiosis.
G2 phase
The period during interphase between the synthesis of new genetic material and the beginning of mitosis.
S phase
The period of interphase when the genetic information is being duplicated.
prophase
The phase during mitosis when DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is
metaphase
The phase during mitosis when chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is
telophase
The phase of mitosis when the daughter chromosomes have reached opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform and the process of cytokinesis begins.
metaphase
The phase of mitosis when the daughter chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell.
mitosis
The process of cell division in which one cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetic copies of the parent cell.
enzymes
The proteins which are required to reproduce DNA during interphase are
anaphase
The stage of mitosis when the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
