Biomolecules (What we are really made of)

sensory protein looks like-

circular with something latched onto it

the head of the phosophlipid is-

hydrophilic

tails in the phospholipid are-

hydrophobic

Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.

immune

Nucleic acids have-

instructions for producing proteins, cellular energy.

secondary/teteriary structure of a protein looks like-

just one swirly thing

The membranes of our cells are made mostly of __________. lipids proteins cholesterol polysaccharides

lipids

Unsaturated fats tend to be-

liquid at room temperature

Which statement about monomers and polymers is true? A monomer is the basic unit of a polymer. Monomers and polymers are basically the same. The quantity of the substance present determines whether it is a monomer or a polymer. A polymer is the basic unit of a monomer. Monomer and polymer are synonyms. Whether something is a monomer or a polymer is determined by the sequence of subunits in the molecule.

A monomer is the basic unit of a polymer.

You have isolated a molecule that contains the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups. What is it? RNA glucose DNA ATP

ATP

what is the "energy currency" molecule that our bodies create through the breakdown of food molecules?

ATP

Which of these is a polysaccharide? lactose galactose sucrose cellulose glucose

Cellulose

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Cellulose

The difference between RNA and DNA is that-

DNA has a double strand, whereas RNA only has one

Which of the following most accurately describes the role of DNA for our cells? DNA contains a code that allows it to turn into a protein. DNA includes instructions for building proteins. DNA physically moves parts around a cell to determine the cell's function. DNA is an enzyme that assists in chemical reactions.

DNA includes instructions for building proteins.

Which of the following most accurately describes the role of DNA for our cells? DNA includes instructions for building proteins. DNA contains a code that allows it to turn into a protein. DNA physically moves parts around a cell to determine the cell's function. DNA is an enzyme that assists in chemical reactions.

DNA includes instructions for building proteins.

During hydrolysis one monomer is covalently bonded to another and a water molecule is released in the process. True or false?

False

What does a phospholipid look like/contain?

Phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group, a glycerol, and fatty acids (2 tails and a head)

types on nucleic acids-

RNA, DNA ATP

Which of these is NOT a lipid? cholesterol phospholipid wax steroids RNA

RNA. RNA is a Nucleic acid

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?

The amino acids of a protein are linked by peptide bonds.

Most polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis resulting in the release of a water molecule. True or False?

True

Polymers are large macromolecules constructed of smaller units called monomers. True or False?

True

amino acids (primary structure) look like

a beaded necklace

a structural protein looks like -

a bunch of dots forming together

Glycogen is _____.

a polysaccharide found in animals

a receptor protein looks like -

a protein that has something attached to the end of it.

Regarding dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, which of the following statements is true? a. In dehydration synthesis, two monomers are joined together to form a polymer, and a water molecule is given off. In hydrolysis, a polymer separates into monomers, a water molecule splits, and part of the water molecule goes with each monomer. b. Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are not related. c. In hydrolysis, two monomers are joined together to form a polymer, and a water molecule is given off. In dehydration synthesis, a polymer separates into monomers, a water molecule splits, and part of the water molecule goes with each monomer.

a. In dehydration synthesis, two monomers are joined together to form a polymer, and a water molecule is given off. In hydrolysis, a polymer separates into monomers, a water molecule splits, and part of the water molecule goes with each monomer.

Proteins are polymers of _____.

amino acids

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____.

as a component of animal cell membranes

hydrolysis-

breaks apart molecules

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are all _________.

carbohydrates

Which statement about the "connecting ends" of a polymer is true? a. As polymers are broken down, the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are necessary. However, as the molecule is built up, the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are irrelevant. b. All polymer buildups and breakdowns involve two or more hydroxyl ions. c. All polymer buildups and breakdowns involve two or more hydrogen ions. d. All polymer buildups and breakdowns involve a hydrogen ion and a hydroxyl ion. e. As polymers are built up, the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are necessary. However, as the molecule is broken down, the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are irrelevant.

d. All polymer buildups and breakdowns involve a hydrogen ion and a hydroxyl ion.

Regarding the basic structure of the biological molecules, which of the following statements is true? a. Proteins are composed of amino acids, carbohydrates are composed of nucleotides, and nucleic acids are composed of simple sugars. b. Proteins are composed of simple sugars, carbohydrates are composed of nucleotides, and nucleic acids are composed of amino acids. c. Proteins are composed of simple sugars, carbohydrates are composed of amino acids, and nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides. d. Proteins are composed of amino acids, carbohydrates are composed of simple sugars, and nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides. e. Proteins are composed of nucleotides, carbohydrates are composed of amino acids, and nucleic acids are composed of simple sugars. f. Proteins are composed of nucleotides, carbohydrates are composed of simple sugars, and nucleic acids are composed of simple amino acids.

d. Proteins are composed of amino acids, carbohydrates are composed of simple sugars, and nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides.

Which of the following is a kind of protein? triglyceride sucrose enzyme sodium chloride

enzyme

Lipids include things like -

fats, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids such as cholesterol.

types of lipids-

fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids

Enzymes __________. speed up chemical reactions and are consumed in the process have locations, known as active sites, to which the substrate binds function only in decomposition reactions are usually nonspecific and therefore capable of binding to many different substrates

have locations, known as active sites, to which the substrate binds

Triglycerides __________.

have one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

The secondary structure of a protein results from _____.

hydrogen bonds

Polymers are _____________.

macromolecules, broken down by hydrolysis, and made by a dehydration process

what do molecules have in common?

macromolecules, made my monomers and polymers, made by dehydration synthesis and destroy by hydrolysis

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.

maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis

Which of these is a source of lactose? potatoes sugar beets sugar cane starch milk

milk

carbohydrates have-

monsaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Which of the following elements occur in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates or lipids? hydrogen oxygen carbon nitrogen

nitrogen

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? lard olive oil butter beef fat a fat that is solid at room temperature

olive oil

Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein? ovalbumin tendons ligaments muscles spider silk

ovalbumin. this is a storage protein

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____.

peptide bonds

peptide bonds are only in proteins ____ structure

primary

Amino acids serve as building blocks for _____.

protein

dehydration synthesis-

puts molecules together

Fatty acid tails that lack double bonds

saturated fat

Enzymes are one type of protein. They function to __________.

speed reactions

Enzymes are one type of protein. They function to ____________.

speed reactions

Primary role of enzymes-

speed up reactions

lipids are used for and do not dissolve in water because-

storage and are non polar

proteins have-

structural, functional- enzymes, and often interact with other proteins for functionality

the purpose of a transport protein is -

to transport molecules across a membrane

True or False. Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.

true

quaternary structure looks like-

two swirly things