BioPsych: Ch IV - V

After damage to a set of axons, neurotrophins induce nearby ____.​ a) injured axons to form new branches b) injured dendrites to form new branches c) uninjured axons to form new branches d) uninjured dendrites to form new branches

uninjured axons to form new branches

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?​ a) Chemical messages from our muscles tell our brain how many neurons to form. b) If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies. c) We are born with all connections formed. d) Connections form rapidly, but we learn to use whatever connections have formed.

​If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies.

The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to ____.​ a) poor eyesight b) malformation of area V4 in the brain c) complete absence of one of the types of cones d) long- and medium-wavelength cones making the same photopigment

​long- and medium-wavelength cones making the same photopigment

Closed head injury results in damage partially because of ____. a) increased production of myelin b) excessive deficit of neurotrophins c) rotational forces that push the brain against the inside of the skull d) infection

​rotational forces that push the brain against the inside of the skull

In comparison to cones, rods ____.​ a) are more common toward the center of the retina b) are more sensitive to detail c) are more sensitive to dim light d) reach their peak firing levels slowly

Are more sensitive to dim light

Why is it that every axon in an adult mammal has a target cell (muscle cell or other neuron) with which it makes synaptic contact?​ a) Each target cell causes the growth of a neuron and its axon. b) After formation, axons release a chemical that causes a target cell to form. c) Axons that fail to find a target cell die. d) An axon will make contact with any kind of cell and adjust its function as necessary.

Axons that fail to find a target cell die

An example of a sex-linked trait is ____.​ a) eye color b) color vision deficiency c) temperament d) intelligence

Color vision deficiency

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, ____ begin to form.​ a) dendrites b) axons c) nuclei d) ganglions

Dendrites

In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?​ a) horizontal cells b) ganglion cells c) bipolar cells d) glial cells

Horizontal cells

What modern day practice helps prevent an inadequate production of thyroid hormones?​ a) fluoride in drinking water b) processed sugar c) iodized salt d) artificial sweeteners

Iodized salt

Which statement characterizes the fovea?​ a) It has the greatest perception of detail. b) It surrounds the point of exit of the optic nerve. c) It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil. d) It has more rods than cones.

It has the greatest perception of detail

Damage to the magnocellular pathway would most likely lead to the loss of ____.​ a) color vision b) shape perception c) color constancy d) motion perception

Motion perception

Changes in single genes are called ____.​ a) alterations b) mutations c) mendelians d) enzymes

Mutations

Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex?​ a) precentral gyrus b) postcentral gyrus c) prefrontal cortex d) occipital lobe

Occipital lobe

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of ____.​ a) chromosomes b) RNA c) Proteins d) Carbohydrates

RNA

Organisms that help those they recognize as capable of returning the favor are displaying ____.​ a) kin selection b) group selection c) reciprocal altruism d) sociobiology

Reciprocal altruism

V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing ____.​ a) the letter T b) a circle c) repeating stripes on a flag d) a single bar of light

Repeating stripes on a flag

The fact that all colors on older televisions were created by combining only three different colors of light supports the ____ theory of color vision.​ a) CRT b) opponent process c) retinex d) trichromatic

Trichromatic

What would be the likely outcome of a person who was blind at birth, and had vision restored later in life by the removal of cataracts (clouded lenses)?​ a) quick development of normal vision b) trouble describing the shapes of objects c) trouble identifying the location of light d) inability to use touch and sound cues to maneuver around in a building

Trouble describing the shapes of objects

The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the ____.​ a) ventral stream b) dorsal stream c) lateral stream d) magnoparvocellular pathway

Ventral stream