Bios Exam 2

carols chemical structure allows it to form four chemical _______ with other atoms

bonds

The impact of releasing stored _______ from the burning of fossil fuels is an increase in______

carbon atmospheric carbon

Durin g photosynthesis, solar energy, water, and _______ ______ react in two stages to produce sugars and _________

carbon dioxide oxygen

The two characteristics used to define climate are ____________ and precipitation.

temperature

Which of these ecological phenomena warms the planet making the planet livable as gases in the atmosphere trap heat energy? - the greenhouse effect - climate change - global warming

the greenhouse effect

nitrous oxides

agricultural practices liver fertilizer use and burning fossil fuels

A biome is deified by its

average temperature and precipitation.

Which of the fooling statements correctly explains the greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planets surface. This trapped heat energy is realized slowly back into the atmosphere.

coal, oil, natural gas are all examples of

fossil fuels

What does ATP do in a cell?

it is the energy carrier of a cell

Fires volcanic activity are natural events that produce______

CO2

A particle of light is referred to as a ______.

Photon

Scientist studying global warming have noted an unusual trend in carbon dioxide level. Which of the following statements explains the trend of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

The rise in carbon dioxide levels have occurred relatively rapidly.

Which best describes the role of fossil fuels in the carbon cycle?

The formation of fossil fuels stores carbon underground and burning them releases that carbon back into the atmosphere.

Which of the following sources of alternative energy invovles using uranium or other materials to split the nucleus of an atom?

Nuclear energy

The decrease in the oceans pH is called ocean accidification. What impact has this had on shellfish?

Their shells are weak due to the lack of calcification

Our planet is warm enough for living organisms to inhabit because the ____________ _____________ warms the planet as gases in the atmosphere trap heat energy.

greenhouse effect

Consequences of global warming means there has been a general----- in average surface temperatures on the planet, but this --------- that all locations will always be warmer year-round.

increase does not mean

Surface temperatures of the oceans are - stagnant - decreasing - increasing

increasing

what is happening to the surface temperatures of the planets oceans?

increasing

Which of these organelle is most closely associated with the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

What are the two most important insect vectors involved in the spread of bacterial and viral diseases?

mosquitoes and ticks

ozone

natural process and the interaction of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere

Select the outputs of photosyntesis

sugar oxygen

A fossil fuel is an energy source made from

the remains of organisms from long ago

Even though there are alternative energy sources, fossil fuels are used for approximately _____ of the untied states energy needs

80%

Which of these organelle is not closely associated with the process of photosyntehesis?

Chloroplasts

Sunlight consist of a wave and particle. The particle is known as a

Photon

What is an organic molecule?

a molecule that contains bot carbon and hydrogen

The measure of the impact on climate change by a person or a company is known as their

carbon footprint

Evolution is a natural process that occurs over time. Evolution has been disrupted by climate change because the changes are occurring as such a rapid rate,

species are not able to adapt to the changes fast enough.

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur within the ______ of the chloroplast and the Calbin cycle reactions occur within the ______ of the chloroplast

thylakoid stroma

Which of these is the primary characteristic that distinguishes global warming from climate change? - Global warming is concerned primarily with the surface temperatures of the earth. Climate change has caused tornados and hurricanes - There is no distinguishing between the two: these terms mean the same thing - Global warming concerns temperatures and precipitation.

- Global warming concerns temperatures and precipitation.

The earths biosphere can be described as - regions of the planet that have themperature high enough to support life as well as available oxygen - a limited amount of water and land where living organisms are found - an immense area where living organisms are found that includes land, water, and extends into the atmosphere

- an immense area where living organisms are found that includes land, water, and extends into the atmosphere

Which of the following factors are increasing to indicate climate change - snow coverage - glaciers - humidity - costal flooding - sea level

- humidity - costal flooding - sea level

The greenhouse effect has which of these effects on the earth and its inhabitants? - it helps to quickly dissipate heat - cause it to disappear - from the planets surface - it cools the planets oceans and warms its surfaces - it warms the planet making it habitable for living organisms

- it warms the planet making it habitable for living organisms

Which minor greenhouse gas is produced as a natural part of a biogeochemical cycle on earth? - nitrous oxides - water vapor -CFCs - ozone

- water vapor

As global tem increases which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen

Glaciers and show coverage decrease

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

The inputs for photosynthesis are the outputs of cellular respiration while the outputs of photosynthesis are the inputs for cellular respiration.

One consequence of climate change is change in temperature and precipitation patterns, which results in

an increase in the severity and frequency of droughts and heat waves

When it comes to the carbon footprint, because of its required usage of land, _____ is the most costly food source.

beef

Fossil fuels play a role in carbon cycle

by containing the remains of organic material by releasing CO2 when it is burned. by being a source of coal, oil, and natural gas

Consequences of -------- include heat waves, severe drought, and extreme precipitation events that could lead to coastal flooding, --------- of glaciers, rising -------, and accelerated ice melts.

climate change shrinking sea levels

Hemlock trees support live of other organisms. Climate change has increased the rate of infections of Hemlocks with woolly adelgid. These kill the trees which decrease the habitat of animals and other insects. this is an example of how climate change impact the

community level

in the carbon cycle the process of photosynthesis ______ atmospheric CO2 and cellular respiration _____ atmospheric CO2.

consumes produces

due to its chem structure a carbon atom may form up to ____ chemical bonds.

four

-One of the most significant contributor to climate changes is the level of ------- found in the atmosphere. -Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, gases, known as -------, are able to ---- heat near the Earth's surface, a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect. -The abundance of these gases can lead to ----------------- of the climate of the planet, playing an important role in maintaining the --------- within a range that supports life. -Since the 1950s, -------- have increased the number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is having an adverse impact on the climate of the planet. -By increasing the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the natural --------- is amplified, causing the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land surface to -----.

gases greenhouse gases trap both warming and cooling climate human activities greenhouse effect rise

Carbon cycles naturally between

geologic and atmospheric reservoirs and living organisms

The term ------- was first used by scientists to describe a well-documented trend concerning the average surface temperature of Earth. Since the 1980s, the planet has -------. The rate of this departure from the norm concludes that the ---------- will continue to rise at an accelerated rate.

global warming warmed over 1.8F temperature

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two natural process that are part of the carbon cycle. These two processes are related in part because the inputs for _______, carbon dioxide and water are the outputs of _________

photosynthesis cellular respiration

Which of the following would fall under the definition of alternative energy?

solar

A group of organisms that can interbreed is a - species - community -population

species

In biology, a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding is referred to as a _____________.

species

The most abundant greehosuse gas in the atmosphere is ____

water vapor

Select the two character used to define climate -average temperature -high and low temperatures -average rainfall -chance of rain

-average temp -average rainfall

Which of these molecules serves as an energy carrier for a cell?

ATP

Which of these statements best explains how certain gasses are having a negative impact on the plantet - a lack of crucial gases in the atmosphere creates negative issues related to climate - the homeostasis between helpful and harmful gases is unbalanced, which is creating negative issues related to climate. - High concentrations of certain gases create negative issues related to climate.

- High concentrations of certain gases create negative issues related to climate.

__________ refers to the long-term regional or even global average of temperature and rainfall patterns over seasons, years, or decades. __________ refers to the daily temperature and chance for precipitation that may occur locally over short periods of time—from minutes to hours or days. __________ are divisions of the year marked by variations in the amount of sunlight striking the Earth's surface. A cold winter is an example of __________.

- Climate - Weather - seasons - weather

Which of these would you include in a summary of the evidence that climate of the planet is changing? - Extreme weather events ( droughts, heatwaves, costal flooding increasing) - Glaciers, sea ice and snow coverage decreasing - temperatures near the planets surface are increasing. - temperatures near the plants surface are decreasing - the oceans are getting colder and more shallow.

Extreme weather events ( droughts, heatwaves, costal flooding increasing) - Glaciers, sea ice and snow coverage decreasing - temperatures near the planets surface are increasing.

A carbon atom can form up to three single covalent bonds with other atoms.

False

Burning fossil fuels release O21 into the atmosphere

False

A gradual increase in the overall surface them of the earth_________. Long-term changes in climate patterns. Emerges due to global warming. Directly attributed to human activities. Includes changes in the average temperature and precipitation. Worldwide phenomenon.

Global warming. climate change climate change both climate change both

______ is a product of photosynthesis and is a carbon base molecule that is the chief source of energy for most organisms

Glucose

global warming

- Refers to a general increase in temp in the last few decades - Evidence included 1.8F increase in the Earths surface temp - primarily concerned with surface temp of the planet

Which of these best explains how certain gasses adversely impact the climate of the planet - Gases other than water and oxygen, when present in the atmosphere at any concentration, cause problems because they warm the planet too much. - Some gasses are normally present in the atmosphere and are important because they create a climate that supports living inhabitants. Certain gases are problematic because there is too much of them in the atmosphere, which is warming the planet too much. - Natural gases present in the atmosphere are important sources of energy for the planet from the sun. Human-created gases are causing global warming.

- Some gasses are normally present in the atmosphere and are important because they create a climate that supports living inhabitants. Certain gases are problematic because there is too much of them in the atmosphere, which is warming the planet too much.

climate change

- associated with droughts and extreme precipitation - refers to a change in average temp and precipitation associated with extreme weather events like heat waves and costal flooding.

Which of the following factors are used to determine the climate of a region? -- Temp --Presence of a mountain range -- species that occupy an area --rainfall --presence of a large body of water --soil pH --Tilt of the earth on its axis

-- Temp --Presence of a mountain range --rainfall --presence of a large body of water --Tilt of the earth on its axis

Which of the following describes an investigation performed by ecologists interested in studying the biosphere?

A study measuring the levels of oxygen carbon dioxide and trace gases in the atmosphere over different seasons.

Select the ways that carbon dioxide is produced -In agricultural practices - through photosynthesis - through the use of fossil fuels - as a by product of digestion

-In agricultural practices - through the use of fossil fuels - as a by product of digestion

Which of these are the main factors that determine climate in an area? -the area's altitude -the number of seasons in an area -average precipitation over time -average temp over time

-average precipitation over time -average temp over time

Select the ways that carbon dioxide is produced. -fires -volcanos -habitat conservation - burning coal - deforestation

-fires -volcanos - burning coal - deforestation

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However methanols can retain and release about _____ times more heat that carbon dioxide.

30

Select all of the information you would use to summarize the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle.

Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere photosynthesis is a natural process performed by autotrophs, including plants Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide sunlight and water to make carbohydrates

Which statement best summarizes the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

Photosysntesis revues carbon from the atmostpere during the carbon cycle.

The four organic molecules that make up living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and, ______

Proteins

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of light dependent reactions

The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

Select all of the following statement that correctly describe carbons chemical structure.

The number of electrons in the other most electron shell of carbon determines its chemical reactivity To fill its outer shell a carbon atom can form up to four other bonds with different elements and achieve stability

Carbon is able to form for chemical bonds because of its _____

chemical structure

The average weather patterns in a given area over time is called __________.

climate

When reviewing the following terms which term is able to encompass all the others?

climate change

On the other hand, -------- refers to the broader range of changes such as the changes in average weather patterns in an area over time. This includes both temperature and --------. Thus, if -------- changes due to global warming, it will also have an influence on climate.

climate change precipitation temperature

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

compounds used in refrigerants and to make spray propellants

water vapor

natural process associated with the hydrological cycle

Which of the following minor contributing greenhosuse gases are produce from agricultural practice such as the use of burning of fossil fuels and used in fertilizers.

nitrous oxides

select the form organic molecules that make up living organisms

nucleic acids lipids carbohydrates proteins

A molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen can be classified as an ________ molecule and includes examples like proteins and carbohydrates.

organic

A molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen can be classified as an __________ molecule and include examples line proteins and carbohydrates

organic

Which of these are examples of fossil fuels?

oul coal natural gas

Which statement best summarizes the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere during the carbon cycle

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of the Earth is called

global warming

The planets ________ can be described as the sum of all of the regions where living organisms can be found.

biosphere

`The smallest unit of light that oscillates on a path called a wavelength is referred to as a

proton