Biotechnology Unit 1 Exam

EPA

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY the federal agency that enforces environmental laws including the use and production of microorganisms, herbicides, pesticides and genetically modified microorganisms

FDA

Food and Drug Administration the federal agency that regulates the use and production of food, animal feed, food additives, veterinary drugs, human drugs and medical devices

Manufacturing (small and large scale)

The process of making a raw material into a finished product; especially in large quantities.

Bioethics

The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care.

clinical trials

a strict series of tests that evaluates the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment in humans

Cloning

method of asexual reproduction that produces identical organisms

antibiotic

molecular agents derived from fungi and or/bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some other microorganisms

Name one of the EARLIEST uses of biotechnology by human civilizations (HINT: they have nothing to do with DNA)

one-celled organisms like yeasts and bacteria -Egyptians used YEASTS to bake leavened bread -Chinese developed FERMENTATION TECHNIQUES for brewing and cheese making -Aztecs used SPIRULINA ALGAE to make cakes.

Recombinant DNA

rDNA DNA created by combining DNA from two or more different sources

restriction enzymes

An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence

What level of education would someone need to work as a biotechnician in a biotechnology company or lab?

Certificate: 1-2 years of community or career college

What are the four domains of biotechnology?

-Industrial and Environmental -Medical/Pharmaceutical -Agricultural -Diagnostic Research

List the 5 steps of the scientific method IN ORDER:

1. State the problem 2. gather data 3. form a hypothesis 4. experiment 5. draw a conclusion

GMO

Genetically Modified Organism Organisms that contain DNA from another organism and produce new protiens encoded on the aquired DNA.

Which domain would rInsulin fall under?

Medical/Pharmaceutical

PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction a method used to rapidly make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA; can be used to make millions of copies of DNA from a very small amount of DNA in a short time

PE (part of condclusion in scientific method)

Possible Error paragraph should address any possible errors that you may have encountered during your experiment. These should be unavoidable errors.

PA (part of condclusion in scientific method)

Practical Applications where you discuss the meaning or value of the experimental results.

What does the r in rInsulin stand for? Why is it included in the product name?

REGULAR Regular (R) insulin is human insulin. It is identical in structure to the insulin that is naturally produced in the pancreas of people without diabetes and insulin the main difference between R insulin and the newer fast-acting insulin formulations is that it takes longer to start working and also takes longer to complete its activity.

REE (part of condclusion in scientific method)

Results with Evidence and Evidence which means to summarize the data from tables and graphs in words to validate your arguments.

Describe one NON-SCIENTIFIC job that can be found in a biotechnology company?

SALES AND MARKETING

t-PA

Tissue Plasminogen Activator -one of the first genetically engineered products to be sold -a naturally occurring enzyme that breaks down blood clots and clears blocked blood vessels -blood clot dissolving enzyme that can be used immediately after a heart-attack to clear blocked vessels

USDA

United States Department of Agriculture the federal agency that regulates the use and production of plants, plant products, plant tests, veterinary supplies and medications, and genetically modified plants and animals

Fermentation

a process by which, in an oxegen enriched environment, a cell converts sugar into lactic acid or ethanol to create energy

Hypothesis

an educated guess to answer a scientific question; should be testable

DNA fingerprinting

an experimental technique that is commonly used to identify individuals by distinguishing their unique DNA code

What is the natural function of t-PA in the human body?

t-PA is a proteolytic enzyme found in blood and tissues. The function of t-PA is to generate plasmin that can dissolve blood clots in the vasculature.

efficacy

the ability to yield a desired result or demonstrate that a product does what it claims to do

research and development

the early stages in product development that include discovery of the structure and function of a potential product and initial small-scale production

quality control

the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production