BIS Chapter 5

Maintainability or Flexibility

refers to how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes -how quickly and effectively a machine can be changed or repaired after a failure -companies often have to redesign systems after forgetting to include global customers

Community Cloud

serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations

Private Cloud

serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customer's premises or off the customer's premises -optimal solution for an organization such as the government that has high data security concerns and values information privacy

Cloud Computing

stores, manages, and processes data and applications over the internet rather than on a personal computer or server

Agile MIS Infrastructure

supports change; accessibility, availability, maintainability, portability, reliability, scalability, usability -when combined, they provide the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals

Sustainable MIS Infrastructure

supports sustainability -grid computing, -cloud computing, -virtualization -identifies way a company can grow in terms of computing resources while simultaneously becoming less dependent on hardware and energy consumption

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

supports the deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking, and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model

Fault Tolerance

the ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service -enables business to continue operations even if a flood or power failure occur

Recovery

the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure that includes restoring the information backup

Energy Consumption

the amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems

Moore's Law

the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18 months -often referred to as 18 month figure -great for companies because they can acquire large amounts of MIS equipment for cheaper and cheaper costs

Incident Management

the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected

Software

the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks

Incident

unplanned interruption of a service

Administrator Access

unrestricted access to the entire system

Agile MIS Characteristics

-accessibility -availability -maintianability -portability -reliability -scalability -usability

Cloud Service Delivery Models

1) Infrastructure as a Service 2) Software as a Service 3) Platform as a Service

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

1) On-Demand Self-Service 2) Broad Network Access 3) Multi-Tenancy 4) Rapid Elasticity 5) Measured Service

Grid Computing

A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem -problem is broken into pieces and distributed to many machines, allowing faster processing than could occur with a single system

Cold Site

A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster

Warm Site

A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

Web Accessibility

Allows people with disabilities to use the Web

Carbon Emissions

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Companies' acknowledged responsibility to society

Virtualization

Creates multiple "virtual" machines on a single computing device

Dynamic Scaling

MIS Infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on requirements

Accessibility

Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system

Usability

The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use -shortcuts and tips are recommended

Cloud Fabric

The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy

Unavailable

Time frames when a system is not operating and cannot be used

Availability

Time frames when the system is operational

Disaster Recovery Plan

a detailed process for recovering information or a system in the event of a catastrophic disaster -ex: company might strategically operate in san fran and nyc because it is unlikely a disaster will hit both places

Enterprise Architect

a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, and able to provide the important bridge between MIS and the business

Failover

a specific type of fault tolerance, occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, and if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to the secondary server or backup server

Clean Computing

a subset of sustainable MIS, refers to the environmentally responsible use, manufacture, and disposal of technology products and computer equipment

Vulnerability

a system weakness, such as a password that is never changed or a system left on while an employee goes to lunch, that can be exploited by a threat

Cloud Fabric Controller

an individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources, similar to a server administrator at an individual company

Emergency Notification Service

an infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency

Smart Grid

delivers electricity using two-way digital technology -meant to solve problem of world's outdated electrical grid, making it more efficient and reliable by adding ability to monitor, analyze and control transmission of power remotely

Scalability

describes how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth

Sustainable for Green MIS

describes production, management, use and disposal of technology that minimizes damage to the environment

Business Continuity Planning

details how a company recovers and restores critical business operations and systems after a disaster or extended disruption -includes disaster recovery plans including business impact analysis emergency notification plans, and technology recovery strategies

Capacity Planning

determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance

Singletenacy

each customer and tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system

Emergency Preparedness

ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner

reliability or accuracy

ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information

Backup

exact copy of a system's information

Data as a service

facilitates the accessibility of business-critical data in a timely, secure, and affordable manner -depends on principle that specified useful data can be supplied regardless of organizational ro geographic separation between consumers and providers

Technology Recovery Strategy

focus specifically on prioritizing the order for restoring hardware, software, and data across the organization that best meets business recovery requirements

Sustainable MIS Infrastructure Components

grid computing, virtualization, cloud computing

MIS Infrastructure

includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets

Security as a service

involves application such as anti-virus software delivered over the internet with constant virus definition updates that are not reliant on user compliance. -provides top security expertise that is better than what is found in an organization -Ex: Cisco, Mcafee

Capacity

maximum throughput a system can deliver

Performance

measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction

Technology Failure

occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage

Failback

occurs when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server

Disaster Recovery as a Service

offer backup services that use cloud resources to protect applicants and data from disruption caused by disaster

Big Data as a service

offers a cloud-based Big Data service to help organizations analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas

Software as a Service (SaaS)

offers applications on a pay-per-use basis -Google Apps, Zoho, Hotmail -before this, companies used to spend lots o money on customizing applications that were also hard to implement -now the number 1 advantage is cost savings, scalability and flexibility to test new software on a rental basis

Infrastructure as a Service

offers computer hardware and networking equipment on a pay-per-use basis -Amazon EC2, Rackspace, VMware, Google Cloud Storage

Unified Communications as a Service (UCaas)

offers enterprise communication and collaboration services over the internet such as instant messaging systems, online meetings and videoconferencing

Platform as Service

offers hardware, networking, and applications on a pay-per-use basis -Google Application Engine, Windows Azure, Amazon Elastic

salesforce.com

one of most popular saas providers. -built and delivered sales automation application, suitable for typical salesperson which automates functions such as tracking sales leads, and prospects and forecasting -can provide secure infrastructure which is good for new companies

Hardware

physical devices associated with a computer system

Public Cloud

promotes massive, global, and industrywide applications offered to the general public -customers are never required to provision, manage, upgrade or replace hardware or software

Noisy Neighbor

refers to a multi tenancy co-tenant that monopolizes bandwidth, servers, CPUs, and other resources that cause network performance issues -occurs when one tenant uses majority of available resources and causes network performance issues for others on shared infrastructure

Waste

refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices

Client

a computer designed to request information from a server

Hot Site

A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business

Network

A communications system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard methodology in which they can communicate

Data Center

A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems -consumer power and require cooling and floor space while working to support business operations and the quality of service

Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)

A nonprofit organization with a mission to promote best practices for using cloud computing securely. -offers tools, documentation, and reports on cloud computing services, security education, and security best practices for implementing cloud models

Serviceability

How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability

Business Impact Analysis

Identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them -primarily used to ensure a company has made the right decisions about order of recovery priorities and strategies

MIS Infrastructure

Information Agile Sustainable

Sustainable MIS Disposal

Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle -ensure waste does not end up in landfills

Information MIS Infrastructure

Supports Operations -Backup -Recovery -Disaster Recovery -Business Continuity Planning -identifies when and where important information such as customer records is maintained and secured

High Availability

System is continuously operational at all times

System Virtualization

The ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers ("virtual machines"), each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces, storage, and operating system.

Multi Tenacy

The cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers -each customer is called a tenant and multiple tenants can access the same system

Server

a computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests -Ex: someone uses a web browser (client) to access a website (server) --> client and server network

Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)

brings together people from industry, disability organizations, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to help make the web accessible to people with disabilities, including auditory, cognitive, neurological, physical, speech, and visual disabilities -voiceover on iPad

green personal computer (green PC)

built using environment-friendly materials and designed to save energy

Disaster Recovery Cost Curve

charts (1) the cost to the company of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the company of recovering from a disaster over time

Storage Virtualization

combines multiple network storage devices so they appear to be a single storage device

Network Virtualization

combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent channels that can be assigned in real time to a specific device

Server Virtualization

combines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and operating systems, from the applications

Incident Record

contains all of the details of an incident