Blood Type

Why are people with O- blood considered to be universal donors?

Have no Antigens

Flow Pattern

a change in the shape and direction of a bloodstain due to the influence of gravity or movement of the object

Expirated Blood

blood that is blown out of the nose, mouth, or a wound as a result of air pressure or air flow, which is the propelling force

Forward Spatter

blood that travels in the same direction as the source of energy or force that caused the spatter

Passive Drop (Bleeding)

bloodstain drops created or formed by the force of gravity acting alone

impact Site

the point where force meets a blood source

What are the function of red blood Cells? White Blood Cells?

Red carries oxygen and white helps fight infection

directionality angle

The angle between the long axis of a bloodstain and a predetermined line on the plane of the target surface which represents 0 degrees.

Point (Area) of Origin

The common point (area) in a three-dimensional space to which the trajectories of several blood drops can be retraced

Point (Area) of Convergence

The common point (area), on a two dimensional surface, over which the directionality of several blood drops can be retraced.

Directionality

The directionality of a bloodstain or pattern which indicates the direction the blood was traveling when it impacted the target surface. Directionality of a blood drop's flight can usually be established from the geometric shape of its bloodstain.

What blood type would only anti-B antibodies flowing trough blood plasma?

A

Blood Typing for AB-

A and B

Lincoln has lost a lot of blood and needs a transfusion. Doctors at the hospital have identified that he has A blood type. Which blood type(s) he can safely receive?

A and O

Blood typing for A+

A and Rh

Blood typing for A-

A and Rh

Target

A surface upon which blood has been deposited.

What blood type would only have Rh and A antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

A+

What are the 4 blood groups?

A, B, AB, O

Patsy donates blood to the American Red Cross. They inform her that she has no antigens in her red blood cells. What blood types can her blood?

A, B, AB,O

Blood typing for AB+

A, B, Rh

Suzy (type B+) and Caleb (type O-) are sister and brother A- the antigens found on suzy's blood cells

A- B, Rh

Casey is rushed to the hospital after losing blood from a work-related accident. Because he was wearing a medical bracelet, the hospital staff knows that he has AB- blood type. A. What are the Antigens found on his blood cells?

A. A antigen and B Antigen

C. Clumping of blood cells caused when antigens combine with antibodies____________

Agglutination

Void

An absence of strains in an otherwise continuous bloodstain pattern.

What is a presumptive Blood test?

Analysis that allow to identify or confirm the presence of a substance in a sample

B. Proteins that protect the body from antigens_____________

Antibodies

E. Foreign substance in the body________

Antigens

Blood typing for B+

B and Rh

What blood type would have no Rh antigens, but only have B antigens on the surface of red blood cells?

B-

Suzy (type B+) and Caleb (type O-) are sister and brother b- the antigens found on Caleb's blood cells

B- None

How can blood typing be used in forensic?

Eliminate suspects. Cheaper And less time consuming considered class evidence

What are dome types of presumptive blood test?

Luminol, Herastrix, heident

Antibodies that would exist in blood plasma if a person was AB- blood.

No antibodies

Blood typing for 0-

None

Blood typing for O+

Rh

D. The study of body fluids_________

Serology

Ricochet

The deflection of blood after impact with a target surface that results in straining of a second target surface.

Flight plath

The path of the blood drop, as it moves through space, from the impact site to the target.

Spine

The pointed or elongated stains which radiate away from the central area of a bloodstain.

Swipe Pattern

The transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface. Direction of travel may be determined by the feathered

Parent Drop

a drop of blood that casts off a wave or satellite spatter

Draw-back effect

blood in the barrel of a firearm that has been drawn backward into the muzzle

Misting

blood that has been reduced to a fine spray as a result of the energy or force applied to it

bloodstain

evidence that liquid blood has come into contact with a surface

What gives blood its red color?

hemoglobin

What is the univeral donor?

o-

What are the 4 main components of blood?

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

What helps blood clot?

platelets

Bubble Rings

rings in blood that result when blood containing air bubbles dries and retains the bubble's circular configuration as a dried outline

How do crime scene investigators was blood Typing?

scientists look at specific proteins (A, B and Rh) on the red blood cells and determine the type of an unknown blood sample based upon their presence.

Satellite Spatter

small droplets of blood distributed around a drop or pool of blood as a result of the blood hitting the target surface

Angle of Impact

the acute angle formed between the direction of a blood drop and the plane of the surface it strikes

Spatter

That blood which has been dispersed as a result of force applied to a source of blood. Patterns produced are often characteristic of the nature of the forces which created them.

Perimeter Stain

a bloodstain that consists of only its outer periphery, the central area having been removed by wiping or flaking after liquid blood has partially or completely dried

What blood type is considered to be the universal receptor?

AB+

What is the universal recipient?

AB+

Blood typing for B-

B

Impact Pattern

Bloodstain pattern created when blood receives a blow or force resulting in the random dispersion of smaller drips of blood

Arterial Spurting (or gushing) Pattern

Bloodstain pattern(s) resulting from blood exiting the body under pressure from a breached artery.

a. when a person gets donated blood injected into their blood stream_______________

Transfusion

Antigens that would exist on red blood cells if a person was type AB- blood.

A Antigen, and B antigen

High Velocity Impact Spatter (HVIS)

A bloodstain pattern caused by a high velocity impact /force to a blood source such as that produced by gunshot or high speed machinery.

Medium Velocity Impact Spatter (MVIS)

A bloodstain pattern caused by a medium velocity impact/force to a blood source. A beating typically causes this type of spatter.

wipe pattern

A bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing and/or altering its appearance.

Low-velocity impact spatter (LVIS)

A bloodstain pattern that is caused by a low velocity impact/force to a blood source.

projected blood pattern

A bloodstain pattern that is produced by blood released under pressure as opposed to an impact, such as arterial spurting.

Wave Cast-Off

A small blood drop that originates from a parent drop of blood due to the wave-like action of the liquid in conjunction with striking a surface.

A patient at Leshank Memorial hospital has no antibodies in their plasma. The blood types that the patient should can receive in a blood transfusion

A, B,AB, O

Transfer/Contact Pattern

a bloodstain pattern created when a wet, bloody surface comes in contact with a second surface; a recognizable image of all or a portion of the original surface may be observed in the pattern

Casey is rushed to the hospital after losing blood from a work-related accident. Because he was wearing a medical bracelet, the hospital staff knows that he has AB- blood type. B. antibodies that can be found in his plasma

B. No antigens

What kind of tests are performed at a crime scene to determine if blood is present?

Benzidine, Kastle-meyer, Hemastix

Back Spatter

Blood directed back towards the source of energy or force that caused the spatter.

Casey is rushed to the hospital after losing blood from a work-related accident. Because he was wearing a medical bracelet, the hospital staff knows that he has AB- blood type. C. The types of blood that Jason can receive in a blood transfusion

C. A, B, AB, O

Cast-off pattern

a bloodstain pattern created when blood is released or thrown from a moving blood-bearing object in motion

Drip pattern

a bloodstain pattern that results from blood dripping into blood

Direction of Flight

the trajectory of a blood drop, which can be established by its angle of impact and directionality angle