bloodbank chap2

Hemolysis was observed at room temperature when testing a patient's serum with reagent red cells used for screening. When this test was repeated using the patient's plasma, no hemolysis was observed. What was the most likely explanation for the different reactions?

Complement activation was inhibited by calcium in the plasma sample.

Select the portion of the antibody molecule that imparts the antibody's unique class function.

Constant region of the heavy chain

Select the substance that regulates the activity of other cells by binding to specific receptors.

Cytokines

What is the potential effect in a tube agglutination test if a red cell suspension with a concentration greater than 5% is used?

False negatives

A technologist added 4 drops of a 5% red cell suspension instead of the required 1 drop to a hemagglutination test. What is the potential consequence to the test results?

False-negative

What portion of the antibody molecule binds to receptors on macrophages and assists in the removal of antibody bound to red cells?

Fc fragment

What part of the immunoglobulin molecule distinguishes the isotype?

Heavy chain

What immunoglobulin class is capable of crossing the placenta?

IgG

Which immunoglobulin class is impacted by the zeta potential in a hemagglutination test?

IgG

Select the immunoglobulin class produced first in the primary immune response.

IgM

What immunoglobulin class reacts best at room temperature at immediate-spin?

IgM

Which of the following requires adjustment in order to enhance the reaction of an antibody in vitro?

Increase the incubation time in the incubator

When testing for the A antigen in a patient, what would you use to perform the test?

Patient's red cells and anti-A

What biological molecules are considered the most immunogenic?

Proteins

Which of the following will cause an antigen to elicit a greater immune response?

Size greater than 10,000 daltons

Select the region of the antibody molecule responsible for imparting unique antibody specificity.

Variable region

An antibody identified in the transfusion service appeared to be reacting stronger following the second exposure to an antigen from a transfusion. The most likely explanation of this observation is: all

affinity maturation of the immunoglobulin molecule. anamnestic response. isotype switching. All of the above

In a serologic test, the term prozone is also known as:

antibody excess.

An antigen that originates from the individual is termed:

autologous.

Extravascular destruction of blood cells occurs in the:

spleen.

After adding antigen and antibody to a test tube, one large agglutinate was observed. How should this reaction be graded?

4+

Select the term that describes cells or tissue from a genetically different individual within the same species.

Allogeneic

Which of the following is responsible for the activation of the classic pathway of complement?

Antibody bound to antigen

Select the cell involved in humoral immunity.

B lymphocytes

What process is described by opsonization?

Binding to cells or antigens

Which of the following components in the complement cascade mediates the lysis of the target cells?

C5 to C9