BME 201 Final Review- CH 13

What are the 4 steps of cell differentiation?

1. Proliferation 2. Commit to lineage 3. Differentiation 4. Maturation

What tool can we use to follow red blood cell differentiation?

Biomarkers

The cells decision to differentiate is an example of what?

Cellular fate

TRUE/FALSE: During necrosis, the cell sends a signal to surrounding cells so macrophage can clean up the toxic cellular content

FALSE - During necrosis, the cell membrane is broken which reveals toxic content and is not cleaned up because no signal was sent to the macrophage

What stem cell only exists in bone marrow, with a small percentage in the blood stream?

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

Necrosis is caused by what factor?

Injury

Once a red blood cell becomes mature, they no longer have a __________

Nucleus

What is cellular fate controlled by?

Signaling molecules

Sets of gene expression define what?

Stages of cell development

What kind of mechanism is stem cell differentiation?

Step-wise

By tracking the size of a red blood cell, what can we also see?

The stages of differentiation

Apoptosis and Necrosis are examples of what?

Types of cell death

What is hyperplasia?

When cell number increases, but cell size remains the same

What is hypertrophy?

When number of cells remains the same, but size increases (ex. people train for hypertrophy in the gym)

An MSC is what type of stem cell?

Adult multipotent stem cell (amSC)

_________ bind to biomarkers to detect their concentrations

Antibodies

What is "programmed cell death"

Apoptosis - death is caused by an agent inside the cell

What is a pluripotent cell?

A cell that is able to differentiate into any cell type (Ex. iPSC, ESC)

What is a multipotent cell?

A cell that is able to differentiate into certain lineages (Ex. MSC, HSC)