Bone Markings

What is the function of Opening bone markings

Openings house and protect structures such as blood vessels and special sensory organs

Canal (Opening)

Passageway through a bone

What is the function of Projection bone markings

Projections provide points of attachment for ligaments and tendons

Epicondyle (Projection)

Raised area on or above a condyle. Small projection usually proximal to condyle; generally the site of muscle attachment

Condyle (Projection)

Round end of a bone that fits into a fossa or facet of another bone at a joint.

Foramen (Opening)

Round or oval hole in a bone through which a structure such as a nerve or blood vessel passes.

Fovea (Depression)

Shallow pit; often the site for the attachment of a ligament

Spine

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection.

Short Bones

Short bones are about as long as they are wide. The bones of the wrist and ankle are short bones.

Bone markings

Sites of muscle, ligament and tendon attachment, as joint surfaces, or as conduits for blood vessels and nerves.

Fissure (Opening)

Slit within a bone or between bones

Tubercle (Projection)

Small rounded projection where muscles attach

Facet (Depression)

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface. Shallow indented surface where two bones meet to form a joint.

Trochanter (Projection)

Very large bony irregularly shaped projection to which muscles attach. Only examples are in the femur (thigh bone)

Tuberosity (Projection)

A rough elevated surface that marks the attachment of a ligament or tendon. A larger, more prominent tubercle

Protuberance (Projection)

An outgrowth from a bone due to repetitive pull from a muscle

Sulcus (Depression)

Another name for a groove

Process (Projection)

Any bony projection; generally the site of muscle attachment.

Ramus

Armlike bar of bone.

Head (Projection)

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck. Rounded end of the bone that fits into a fossa to form a joint.

Meatus (Openings)

Canal-like passageway; Another name for a canal

Sinus

Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane.

Fossa (Depression)

Deeper indented surface in a bone, usually allows a rounded surface of another bone to fit inside of it

What is the function of Depression bone markings

Depressions provide pathways along which blood vessels and nerves travel or allow two bones to come together to form a joint.

Flat Bones

Flat bones are flat. Flat bones include the ribs, the sternum, certain skull bones and the hip bones

Notch

Indentation at the edge of a structure.

Irregular Bones

Irregular bones are those whose shape doesn't fit into any of the other classes. Irregular bones include the vertebrae, the sacrum, and certain bones of the skull, such as the sphenoid bone

Long Bones

Long bones are longer than they are wide and include the bones of the upper and lower limbs EXCEPT the ankle and wrist bones

Groove (Depression)

Long, typically shallow depression that usually allows a nerve or blood vessel to travel along the bones surface; Furrow

Crest (Projection)

Narrow ridge along a bone; Generally a site of muscle attachment; Usually prominent

Line (Projection)

Narrow ridge vertically on a long bone or area horizontally on a long bone where a growth plate has closed. Ridge along a bone where a muscle attaches.