Botany test 4
What is a regular flower?
An actinomorphic flower, with all radial symmetry, symmetrical in all directions Ex. Sunflower
What is an example of a pome?
An apple
What is an example of an epigynous flower?
An apple flower
What is a bract?
Modified leaves, makes up the "top" of the acorn fruit.
A pineapple is an example of a __________ fruit
Multiple
What is a nut?
One seeded fruit, derived from a compound ovary that has a stony fruit wall.
What part of the fruit is the endocarp?
The inner boundary around the seed(s)
What is the function of a fruit?
To serve as protection and a means of dispersal for seeds
Definition of fruit
an ovary and its accessory parts that have developed and matured, usually contains seeds
What are some examples of schizocarp?
maple seeds (helicopters) Dandelions
What is an example of a follicle?
milkweed
What is the Carpel?
the female part of the flower, consists of the stigma, the style, and the ovary
What are fleshy fruits?
Fruits that develop from a flower with single, to several carpels
What are the major differences between monocot and eudicot plants?
MONOCOT: Flower in multiples of 3, one cotyledon, parallel venation, scattered vascular bundles, 3 pollen grains or furrows DICOT: Flower in multiples of 4's and 5's, 2 cotyledons, netlike venation, vascular bundles in ring, 1 pollen grain or furrow
What are some examples of monoecious plants?
Maize and oaks
What is an example of a silique?
(mustard family) Brassica rapa
What are some examples of pepos?
Pumpkins, cucumbers, watermelon, squash
What part of the fruit becomes the seed?
The ovule
What is the pedicel?
The secondary stalk of the flower, comes off of the peduncle IF present
What are the fruit regions from the inside to the outside?
Exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, seed
What are some examples of dehiscent dry fruit?
Follicle legume silique Capsule
What are some examples of drupes?
Peaches, plums, cherries
What are some examples of multiple fruit?
Pineapples figs hedgeapples (osage oranges)
What are some examples of an achene?
Sunflower seed Corn seed (single)
What is an example of a true berry?
Tomato, blueberry
Definition of monoecious
When both male and female flowers occur on the same plant (One house)
What is the corolla?
A whorl of petals All petals put together
What are some examples of legumes?
Peas soybeans green beans coffee
What is the largest flower in the world that cannot photosynthesize? (Parasitic)
A Rafflesia flower
What is an example of a perigynous flower?
A cherry flower
What are capsules?
A dry fruit that consists of at least two carpels and split in a variety of ways MOST COMMON
What is a legume?
A dry fruit that splits along two sides or seams
What is a perfect flower?
A flower that contains both male and female parts, (bisexual) stamen and carpel
What is an irregular flower?
A flower with bilateral symmetry, such as an orchid
What is a berry?
A fruit that usually develops from a compound ovary and often contains more than one seed
What is a true berry?
A fruit with thin skin and a soft pericarp
What is an inflorescence?
A group of flowers bared by peduncle
What is a drupe?
A simple fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed by a hard stony endocarp or pit
What is an achene?
A small one seeded fruit with a thin wall, only the base of the seed is attached to the pericarp.
What is the Calyx?
A whorl of sepals All of the sepals put together
What is a samara?
A winged achene, the pericarp extends out in the form of a wing or membrane.
What are some examples of indehiscent dry fruit?
Achene nut grain samara schizocarp
A strawberry is an example of a(n) fruit? It is made of many _________
Aggregate Fruit Achenes
What is a grain?
Also known as Caryopsis** A dry inhidescent fruit. the pericarp is tightly united with the seed.
What are some examples of samara fruits?
Ash tree fruit Elm tree fruit
What are hesperidium?
Berries, but not true berries. Come from compound ovaries, have leathery skin which contain oils
What are pepos?
Berries, but not true berries. Have relatively thick rinds
What are some examples of accessory fruit?
Blueberries and apples
What are some examples of capsules?
Butterfly iris Bletilla orchid
What are the female flower parts?
Carpel> Stigma, Style, and ovary
What are examples of hesperidium?
Citrus fruits, lemon, limes, oranges
What is a multiple fruit?
Come from a cluster of flowers derived from several to many individual flowers in a single inflorescence.
What is a complete flower?
Contains all four structures. Sepal, petal, stamen, carpel
What is a pome?
Derived from a compound INFERIOR ovary in which the flesh comes from the enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around the ovary
What is a follicle?
Derived from a single carpel splits along one side or seam
What is an aggregate fruit?
Derived from a single fruit with several to many carpels, individual carpels mature as a clustered unit on a single receptacle
Milkweed is an example of a ______ fruit.
Dry Fruit, Follicle
What three regions of the fruit make up the pericarp and where is it located?
Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp Surrounds the ovary wall
Peaches are an example of what kind of fruit?
Fleshy fruit, Drupe
What part of the fruit is the mesocarp?
Fleshy tissue between exocarp and endocarp, the part we eat
What are dry fruits?
Fruits that split at maturity
What are some examples of nuts?
Hazelnut Chestnut Acorn
What type of ovary does an apple have?
Inferior ovary
What is a silique?
Splits along two sides or seams but seeds are borne on a central partition exposed when two halves separate
What is a schizocarp?
Splits at maturity into two or more one-seeded portions
What structure are the tiny dry hairs on the bottom of an apple?
Stamen
What are the male flower parts
Stamen> anther and filament
What are some examples of aggregate fruit?
Strawberries, blackberries, raspberries\
What is the perianth?
The collective term for ALL of the corolla and Calyx. All petals and sepals
What is the Peduncle?
The major stalk of the flower
What is the stamen?
The male part of the flower, consists of the anther and the filament
What is the ovule?
The part of the plant that turns into the seed. Located inside ovary
What is the placenta?
The portion of the ovary where ovules originate and to which they remain attached
What part of the fruit is the exocarp?
The skin
What is the receptacle?
The thickened part of the stem where the organs of the flower begin to grow
Definition of dioecious
When male and female flowers occur on different, separate, plants (two houses)
What is an accessory fruit?
When other parts of the flower also contribute to the flesh of the fruit
What is an inferior ovary?
Where the calyx and corolla appear to be attached at the top of the ovary
What is a superior ovary?
Where the calyx and the corolla are attached at the base of the ovary
What is an epigynous flower?
Where the pistil and stamen arise from the top of the ovary Inferior ovaries
What is a hypogynous flower?
Where the pistil and the stamen are situated on the receptacle beneath the ovary Superior ovaries
What is a perigynous flower?
Where the stamens and pistils are adnate to the calyx and thus form a short tube (hypanthium) arising from the base of the ovary
What are some examples of dioecious plants?
Willows and Ginkgo
What are some examples of grains?
corn wheat barley oats
