Brady Chap5: Medical Terminology and A/P

Exhalation

a PASSIVE process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs.

Plane

a flat surface formed when slicing though a solid object.

Pancreas

a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine.

Epinephrine

a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions; ADRENALINE.

Insulin

a hormone produced by the pancreas; taken as medication by diabetics.

Epiglottis

a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea.

Mid-axillary Line

a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle.

Gallbladder

a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver.

Fowler Position

a sitting position.

Appendix

a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen, function not well understood. Its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain.

Cardiac Conduction System

a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.

Capillary

a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place.

Compound

a word formed from two or more whole words. "the compound smallpox formed from small and pox"

Combining Form

a word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word. "therm/o, which added to meter makes the new word: thermometer"

Inhalation

an ACTIVE process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs.

Midline

an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.

Artery

any blood vessel carrying blood AWAY from the heart.

Brachial Artery

artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR.

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe.

Inferior

away from the head. "the lips are inferior to the nose"

Coronary Arteries

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium).

Ovaries

egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system.

Distal

farther away from the torso. "the elbow is distal to the shoulder"

Abdominal Quadrants

four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: the right upper quadrant (RUQ), the left upper quadrant (LUQ), the right lower quadrant (RUQ), and the left lower quadrant (LLQ).

Hypoperfusion

inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body cause by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries. Also called SHOCK.

Involuntary Muscle

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but CANNOT BE CONSCIOUSLY controlled. (smooth)

Bilateral

on both sides. "patient has diminished lung sounds bilaterally"

Kidneys

organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body.

Malleolus

protrusion on the side of the ankle. The lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula is seen on the outer ankle; the medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle.

Dorsal

referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot; POSTERIOR. "scapula located posteriorly"

Palmar

referring to the palm of the hand.

Plantar

referring to the sole of the foot.

Cardiac Muscle

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart.

Digestive System

system by which food travels though the body and is digested, or broken down into absorbable forms.

Endocrine System

system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions.

Central Pulses

the CAROTID and FEMORAL PULSES, which can be felt in the central part of the body.

Anterior

the FRONT of the body or body part (ventral). "patient has wounds to the anterior thigh"

Automaticity

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.

Pharynx

the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the nasopharynx and oropharynx.

Oropharynx

the area directly posterior to the mouth.

Nasopharynx

the area directly posterior to the nose.

Pelvis

the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities.

Humerus

the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow.

Orbits

the bony structures around the eyes; the eye sockets.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

the brain and spinal cord.

Clavicle

the collarbone.

Autonomic Nervous System

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions.

Plasma

the fluid portion of the blood.

Metatarsals

the foot bones.

Metacarpals

the hand bones.

Calcaneus

the heel bone.

Acromion Process

the highest portion of the shoulder.

Dermis

the inner (second) layer of the skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis.

Acromioclavicular Joint

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet.

Patella

the kneecap.

Femur

the large bone of the thigh.

Carotid Arteries

the large neck arteries, one on each side of the next, that carry blood from the heart to the head.

Aorta

the largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation.

Liver

the largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body.

Fibula

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.

Mid-clavicular Line

the line through the center of each clavicle.

Mandible

the lower jaw bone.

Ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis.

Femoral Artery

the major artery supplying the leg.

Alveoli

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place.

Diaphragm

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration.

Large Intestine

the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord.

Nasal Bones

the nose bones.

Penis

the organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm.

Lungs

the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place.

Epidermis

the outer layer of skin.

Acetabulum

the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

Joint

the point where two bones come together. Joints: ball and socket, hinge, and sliding

Blood Pressure

the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure (the pressure in an artery) is measured. There are two types of: systolic and diastolic blood pressure. [sky/dirt]

Diastolic Blood Pressure

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling.

Peripheral Pulses

the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses.

Cricoid Cartilage

the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx.

Bladder

the round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine.

Arteriole

the smallest kind of artery.

Anatomical Position

the standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and the palms of the hands forward.

Physiology

the study of body function.

Anatomy

the study of body structure.

Illium

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis.

Manubrium

the superior portion of the sternum.

Perfusion

the supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Cardiovascular System

the system made up of the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular); sometimes called the circulatory system.

Musculoskeletal System

the system of bones and skeletal muscles that SUPPORT/SHAPE and PROTECT the body and provide MOVEMENT.

Nervous System

the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought. BREAKDOWN cns--> pns-->somatic ns and autonomic ns ans-->sympathetic ns (fight or flight) and parasympathetic ns (relax)

Phalanges

the toes bones and finger bones.

Cranium

the top, back, and sides of the skull.

Maxillae

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw.

Bronchi

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. singular: bronchus

Atria

the two upper chambers of the heart. There is a right atrium (which receives UNOXYGENATED blood returning from the BODY) and a left atrium (which receives OXYGENATED blood returning from the LUNGS).

Larynx

the voice box.

Carpals

the wrist bones.

Muscle

tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part.

Ligament

tissue that connects bone to bone.

Lateral

to the side, away from the midline of the body. "little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot"

Medial

toward the midline of the body. "the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot"