Brain Gross Anatomy: KINESIOL 1A03
what are the three regions of the cerebellum?
flocculonodular lobe: balance vermis: (anterior) gross motor movements, (posterior) fine motor functions cerebellar hemisphere- fine motor coordination
what does the cerebrum consist of?
gray and white matter
whats is the function of cerebellum?
involved in control of locomotion, balance and posture
what is the function of cerebrum?
largest part of the brain, responsible for thinking, emotions, the five senses
What is the thalamus?
largest portion of the brain that relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
What is the brain stem?
midbrain, pons, medulla
what is the function of the hypothalamus?
most inferior portion of diencephalon that connects nervous system and endocrine system
what is the function of the pyramids in the medulla oblongata?
nerve tracts responsible for conscious control of skeletal muscle
what is the function of the pineal gland?
secretes melatonin, influences onset of puberty
what is the function of infundibulum?
stalk that connects the hypothalamus to pituitary gland
how does the cerebellum communicate with other regions of CNS?
superior cerebellar peduncle: connects cerebellum to midbrain middle cerebellar peduncle: connects cerebellum to pons inferior cerebellar peduncle: medulla oblongata
what are the function of the colliculi?
superior colliculi are involved in visual reflexes, inferior colliculi are involved in hearing.
What is the midbrain?
superior portion of the brain stem that extends from the pons to the diencephalon.
what is the function of the projection tracts?
carry information between the cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord
What is the path of cerebrospinal fluid?
CSF fluid in the choroid plexus of each lateral ventricle flow into 3rd ventricle through the interventricular formina, fluid flows through the aqueduct of the midbrain into the fourth ventricle, fluid flows into subarachnoid space through the lateral and median aperture, CSF fluid is reabsorbed into the blood through arachnoid villi of the dural venous sinuses
what is the function of the habenular nuclei?
emotional responses to odors
What is the cerebrum?
The cerebrum is the part of the brain that controls memory, senses, consciousness, and reasoning.
What is the medulla oblongata?
The continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, that transmits ascending and descending nerve impulses between the brain and the spinal cord.
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
clear, colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space that contains nutrients and protects the brain and spinal cord of injuries, synthesized in the choroid plexus
what is the function of cerebral white matter?
composed of nerve tracts that connect the cortex to other areas
what is the association tract?
connect 2 parts of brain on Same side
what is the function of the commissural tract?
connect the cerebral hemispheres, located in the corpus callosum
what is the function of the interthalamic adhesion?
connects lateral portions of the thalamus composed of grey matter that is surrounded by the third ventricle
what is the function of the brainstem?
connects spinal cord to brain, responsible for integration of reflexes necessary for survival
What is the pons?
connects the cerebellum and the medulla and consists of ascending and descending nerve tracts, nuclei and sleep center
what is the function of the anterior portion of midbrain?
contains cerebral peduncles which are bundles of axons that conduct nerve impulses from motor areas in cerebral cortex to spinal cord/rest of brain stem
what is the function of the posterior portion of the midbrain?
contains tectum which are 4 nuclei that form mounds on dorsal surface of mid brain.
what is the function of the posterior portion of the pons?
contains the nuclei of the cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII
what protects the brain?
cranial bones, cranial meninges, cerebrospinal fluid
what are the three meninges layers?
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
what are the functions of the olives in the medulla oblognata?
nuclei involved in balance, coordination, and modulation of sound
what is the brain?
part of the CNS contained in cranial cavity, composed of brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum, and diencephalon
What is the diencephalon?
part of the brain that is located in between brain stem and cerebrum consist of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
What is the epithalamus?
posterior portion of diencephalon which consists of habenular nuclei and pineal gland
what is the function of the anterior portion of the pons?
protein nuclei transfer nerve signals from cerebellum and medulla
what is the function of the medial geniculate nucleus?
responsible for auditory impulses
what is the function of the lateral geniculate nucleus?
responsible for visual impulses