BSC 109 Ch. 13

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress.

glucocorticoids

Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation?

oxytocin and prolactin

Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?

hypothalamus

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

iodine

stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

ACTH

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one? -ADH -TSH -LH -ACTH -PRL

ADH

_____ are the main male hormones.

Androgens

The most accurate statement about FSH is

FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development

Which of the following statements about glucagon is true?

Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose.

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one? - Many hormones are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. - Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system. - Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system. - Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor. - The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact.

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?

It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.

causes release of the egg from the ovary

LH

The most accurate statement about LH is

LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation

__________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.

Steroid; nonsteroid

Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

Sympathetic nerves

Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true?

The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system.

How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?

They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

T/F Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on blood calcium levels.

True

Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Cortisol production occurs in the __________ and is stimulated by __________.

adrenal cortex; ACTH

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands, EXCEPT the

adrenal medulla

promotes sodium uptake and potassium excretion

aldosterone

What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____.

association with a cell's plasma membrane

Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels?

both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?

calcitonin

lowers blood calcium levels

calcitonin

Hyposecretion of ADH results in

diabetes insipidus

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?

epinephrine and oxytocin

Which of the following hormones will be most active after 24 hours without food?

glucagon

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete _____________, whereas beta cells secrete _______________.

glucagon; insulin

The target cells of an endocrine gland

have specific receptors for the hormone

Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the

hypothalamus

The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the

hypothalamus

Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?

nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways

causes ejection of milk into ducts during breast-feeding

oxytocin

From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?

posterior pituitary

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

prolactin

The effect of parathyroid hormone is to ________ blood calcium levels.

raise

The kidneys secrete both __________.

renin and erythropoietin

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system? adrenal gland salivary gland thyroid gland kidney stomach

salivary gland

Thymosin and thymopoietin are secreted by the ________.

thymus

stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body

insulin

Which of the following is incorrectly paired? cortisol: Cushing's syndrome thyroid: Grave's disease ADH: diabetes insipidus

insulin: diabetes insipidus