BSC 196 Exam 2 Practice Questions
All protists are _____.
Eukaryotic
The most ancient branch point in the phylogeny of animals is a split between animals having _____.
True tissues or no tissues.
Protists are ecologically important organisms because they ______________.
Are major producers in some environments.
The most important feature that permits a gene to act as a molecular clock is _____.
A consistent average rate of mutation.
The presence of strong forelimbs for burrowing in a marsupial mole from Australia and in a eutherian mole from North America represents:
A homoplastic character
Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that most fungi derive their nutrition by _____.
Absorbing it.
Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly suggests that _____.
Arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates.
The fossil record suggests that when plants colonized terrestrial habitats they did so _____.
At the same time as fungi that helped provide them access nutrients from the soil.
What is a trait shared by Archaea and Eukarya that indicates that these groups are more closely related to each other than they are to Bacteria?
Both Archaea and Eukarya have > 1 kind of RNA polymerase.
Similar to most amoebozoans, the forams and the radiolarians also have pseudopods, as do some of the white blood cells of animals (monocytes). If one were to construct a taxon that included all organisms that have cells with pseudopods, the taxon would _____
Be polyphyletic
Echinoderms represent a diverse group of aquatic organisms that are _____.
Bilateral Dueterostomes
Which of the following represent the best examples of homologous structures?
Bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb
You are given the task of designing an aquatic protist that is a primary producer. It cannot swim on its own, and must be able to stay in well-lit surface waters. It must be resistant to physical damage from wave action. It should be most similar to a(n) _____.
Brown Alga
The _______ have a dominant gametophyte stage whereas _______ has a dominant sporophyte stage.
Bryophytes; Conifers
While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya?
Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan
What are the main groups of Alveolata?
Ciliates, Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexa
When an insect undergoes _______, they ______.
Complete Metaphorphosis; transform from a larval form to a morphologically distinct adult form.
In bacteria, the horizontal transfer of DNA using a plasmid is an example of?
Conjugation
Members of which group of bacteria are generally autotrophic?
Cyanobacteria
The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence?
Cyanobacteria > Green Algae> Land Plants
Unlike eutherian mammals, both monotremes and marsupials _____.
Do not complete development inside the uterus.
Members of Archaea are most closely related to?
Eukarya
The structure in a bacterium that enables it to persist through unfavorable or harsh condition is the:
Endospore
While looking at some seawater through your microscope, you spot the egg of an unknown animal. Which of the following tests could you use to determine whether the developing organism is a protostome rather than a deuterostome? See whether the embryo _____.
Exhibits determinate cleavage.
The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with _____.
Feeding
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem and phloem, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to _____.
Ferns
The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a _____.
Flagellated Protist
Which feature seen in chytrids supports the hypothesis that they diverged earliest in fungal evolution?
Flagellated Spores
The water vascular system of echinoderms _____.
Functions in locomotion and feeding
Fungi are vitally important for humans because:
Fungi are major pathogens of plants and animals including us; AND Yeasts are important in production of food, alcoholic beverages, ethanol for fuel
Nematodes and arthropods both _____.
Grow by shedding their exoskeleton
You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____
Has a cuticle
Mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of certain alpha proteobacteria. They are, however, no longer able to lead independent lives because most genes originally present on their chromosomes have moved to the nuclear genome. Which phenomenon accounts for the movement of these genes?
Horizontal Gene Transfer
While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n) ___________.
Mollusc
By definition, a clade is?
Monophyletic
Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?
Notochord AND post-anal tail
Coyotes and foxes both belong to class Mammalia. This means they must also both belong to
Phylum Chordata
Many researches who study the kingdom Protista argue that all of these organisms should not be placed in the same kingdom, because these organisms could not all have evolved from common ancestor. In other words, they argue that the kingdom Protista is_____?
Polyphyletic
Which of the following traits would allow you to classify an organism as either an archean or a bacteria, but not a eukaryote?
Presence of a circular chromosome
Which of the following characteristics are associated with the phylum Cnidaria?
Presence of a nerve net; AND Single opening for mouth and anus; AND Developing only two tissue layers (diploblasty); AND Radial symmetry;
In prokaryotes, new mutations accumulate quickly in populations, while in eukaryotes new mutations accumulate much more slowly. The primary reasons for this are:
Prokaryotes have short generation times and large population sizes.
In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex pilus construction and for antibiotic resistance are located on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium readily performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the result should be the _____.
Rapid spread of antibiotic resistance to other bacteria in the habitat.
Fossil evidence indicates that some dinosaurs breathed like a bird using air sacs. If birds are descended from dinosaurs, air sacs are what kind of character?
Shared ancestral character
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why would it be adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?
The engulfed cell provides the host cell with the ability to capture or make energy.
Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution as we move from nonvascular plants towards seed plants?
The trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle.
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?
They require water for reproduction
The primary advantage associated with the filamentous structure of fungal mycelia is related to _____.
a large surface area to volume ratio that allows for absorptive nutrition.
In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, and plasmogamy results in _____.
formation of heterkaryotic cells.
Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share?
lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma membrane