BSN 101 Chpt 9
PERT Steps
1. Analyzing and sequencing tasks 2. Estimating time to complete each task 3. Drawing a PERT network illustrating info from steps 1 and 2 4. Identifying the critical path
Form utility encompasses the 3 basic requirements of production
1. Build and deliver products in response to the demands of customers 2. Provide an acceptable quality level 3. Provide everything at the lowest possible cost
Types of Facility Layouts
Assembly line Modular layout Fixed position layout Process layout
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
CAD + CAM
History of Manufacturing in the US
Number of people employed by factories has gone down over the last century but manufacturing rates have gone up at the same time. Technology has allowed for more efficient manufacturing (Less labor and more output) Today's economy is dependent on services rather than manufacturing. 80% of jobs are in the service sector.
How is ERP better than MRP?
Shorter time between orders and payment Less staff Reduced inventories Better customer service
3 Quality Measures
Six sigma quality, Statistical quality control (SQC), Statistical process control (SPC)
PERT
a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project.
Six sigma quality
a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities
Fixed Position Layout
allows workers to congregate around the product to be completed Major projects like a bridge or airplane would use this layout
Gantt Chart
bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
combines the computerized functions of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm- such as finance, HR, and order fulfillment- into a single integrated software program that uses a single data-base
Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)
computer based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place
Quality
consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customer
Production
creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production.
Flexible Manufacturing
designing machines to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products
Just-in-time Inventory (JIT)
minimum inventory is kept on the premises and other parts/supplies are delivered just in time to go straight to production Holding inventory is costly for companies. To cut costs they have implemented this type of inventory control
Continuous Process
one in which long production runs turn out finished goods over time
Process Manufacturing
part of production process that physically or chemically changes materials
Facility Location
process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operation Geographic shifts in production sometimes result in pockets of unemployment in some areas and tremendous growth for others
Statistical quality control (SQC)
process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process to ensure that quality is being built into the product from the beginning
Lean Manufacturing
production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production
Intermittent Process
production run is short and the producer adjusts machines frequently to make different products.
Assembly Process
puts together components to make the product
Purchasing
searches for high quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for quality goods and services
Process Layout
similar equipment and functions are grouped together
Operations Management
specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources into goods and services
Mass Customizations
tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers
Statistical process control (SPC)
taking statistical samples of the product components at each stage of production and plotting them on a graph. Any variances from quality standards
Modular Layout
teams of workers combine to produce more complex units of final product
Production Management
the activities managers do to help their firms create goods.
Facility Layout
the physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process A good layout can greatly reduce a factory's costs in the long terms Many companies are moving away from an assembly line layout and over to a modular layout.
Critical Path
the sequence of tasks that take the longest time to complete (bottlenecks and delays)
Computer-aided Designs (CAD)
use of computers in the design of products
Computer-Aided manufacturing (CAM)
use of computers in the manufacturing of products
Form Ulitity
value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services.
Assembly Line
workers only do a few tasks at a time