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35) The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment?
A) "I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all."
16) Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation?
A) Anya's boss Kira sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them.
23) Which of the following is true of moderating variables in attitude relationships?
A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
2) Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions?
A) Emotions are reactions to a person or event.
55) Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory?
A) Employees react emotionally to events at work which affects their job performance and satisfaction.
64) Jeanne Edwards works as a campaign manager at Rainforest Alliance Trust, a forest protection organization in Indonesia. She is currently working on the Palm Oil Campaign which aims at establishing stringent laws against companies which aggravate deforestation to extract palm oil for commercial use. Her role is to establish allies with other forest protection organizations and companies which use eco-friendly products that set good examples for other companies to follow. Jeanne allied with Griffin and Powell, a large multinational company, which, unknown to Jeanne, also has strong ties with local logging groups in Jakarta. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Jeanne had an availability bias while establishing an ally with the company?
A) Griffin and Powell ensures that all their CSR initiatives on forests are regularly and substantially publicized.
38) With reference to the Big Five Model, which of the following is a difference between highly agreeable and less agreeable people?
A) Highly agreeable people tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs than less agreeable people.
26) Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude?
A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
50) Which of the following statements is true regarding surface acting?
A) It involves forgoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.
65) Johanna Murray, a climate campaigner at The National Footprint Foundation, is known in her organization to be a campaigner of caliber and high performance. She has strong networks with the ministry of environment and allies with several environmental organizations in the country. Over the years, she has gained substantial knowledge on the issue of climate change. However, recently when she was asked by her manager to prepare a consolidated report on a conference she attended on climate change, it reflected major loopholes and limited information from the conference. Which of the following, if true, substantiates that Johanna had an anchoring bias?
A) Johanna was moved by the arguments put forth by the first speaker.
51) Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Kate's chances of being selected?
A) Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation.
18) Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations?
A) Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity.
47) Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction?
A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming.
42) Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations ?
A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals.
56) Which of the following is most likely to be true regarding people with a high level of other-orientation?
A) They feel obligated to help people who have helped them.
24) According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause?
A) a behavior that scores high on consensus
70) Tiffany Crowe works as a showroom executive at a clothing boutique in London. Today, she is in a positive mood and instantly greets and smiles at a customer who walks into the store. The customer feels welcomed by her response. While browsing the store, Crowe helps the customer with products and passes on her positive mood to the customer. The customer leaves the store feeling content with a smile on her face. Which of the following best describes this situation?
A) emotional contagion
42) An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he performs is known as ________.
A) employee engagement
48) Which of the following groups appears to have the highest levels of job satisfaction?
A) employees in the United States and Western Europe
62) Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would be a significant factor when considering a candidate for the job of a(n) ________.
A) event planner who needs to coordinate with several people
65) For which of the following jobs is it most likely to be important to hire employees with high emotional intelligence?
A) jobs which require customer service skills
56) Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory?
A) meeting a project milestone
54) Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month in the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do?
A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence
8) Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company, asking her to study a colleague, Cindy Camp's behavior and attention toward her work without her knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize her behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient importance to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting?
A) observer-ratings survey
7) In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge.
A) observer-ratings surveys
75) Which of the following is an example of deviant workplace behavior?
A) sabotaging one's organization's computers
49) Individuals low in self-monitoring ________.
A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation
40) Which of the following best describes spatial visualization?
A) the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed
34) Organizational commitment is defined as ________.
A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals
73) People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called ________.
A) workplace deviant behaviors
11) Which of the following does the heredity approach state?
B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
31) Angela Wells recently applied for a job at Spiga, a lounge in Paris. Having worked in several restaurants and lounges in and across France, she was confident that she would get the job. However, soon after the interview, she was informed that another candidate was offered the job, even though the other candidate had limited experience in comparison to her. Angela feels that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, would best justify Angela's assumption?
B) Angela is a single mother with two young children.
30) Johanna Murray, a climate campaigner at The National Footprint Foundation, is known in her organization to be a campaigner of caliber and high performance. She recently worked on a campaign against global warming during which she worked extremely hard to achieve project milestones. However, the campaign failed as it could not achieve the desired objective. Due to this, her manager, Brenda Owens gave her a poor performance appraisal. In the appraisal, Brenda said that Johanna was not motivated and failed to reach out to 25,000 people through Internet media to spread awareness about climate change. Which of the following, if true, weakens Brenda's statement?
B) Brenda was unable to make time for Johanna to brief her on the tasks involved in carrying out the campaign's media strategy.
72) As part of their sales training, the staff at Penny Stores is encouraged to build personal relationships with the store's patrons. Apart from receiving product training, the staff is taught to follow a scripted sales process wherein they must greet the customers, introduce themselves, and enquire about their purchase. They are also encouraged to engage in casual conversation with the customer. In a recent survey conducted by the marketing department, it was revealed that customers were dissatisfied with the level of service at Penny Stores. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?
B) Customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness.
39) The manager's suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions?
B) Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave.
26) What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?
B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
24) Which of the following is true of workplace discrimination?
B) It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior.
27) Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement?
B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.
28) Raylon Inc. is in the process of recruiting a new Operations Manager. The Human Resources team has narrowed the candidate list down to two candidates, but cannot come to an agreement about whom to hire. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other candidate is in his early thirties. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the older candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, will most strengthen Rachel's argument?
B) Most of the employees the Operations Manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age.
34) Laura Simpson, a campaign manager at a child rights organization in Jakarta, planned a marathon for celebrities to raise money for underprivileged children. Though all arrangements for the event had been made, a few days before the event she realized that on the same day there was a political rally happening in the city which will block access to the route on which the marathon was supposed to be undertaken. In such a situation, what is Simpson, who suffers from a self-serving bias, most likely to say?
B) My colleagues did not inform me about the rally.
29) Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers?
B) Older workers have extensive work experience.
37) Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions?
B) Physical and informal activities increase positive mood.
15) Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance?
B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.
75) Synergy Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing and substance abuse during working hours. The management is considering various options to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance?
B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction.
41) Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion least likely be accepted?
B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed.
74) Alex was sent to Beijing to help local managers solve the problem of growing worker dissatisfaction at their manufacturing facility located in the city. As part of his visit, he decided to have a town hall meeting with the workers to understand the problems that they were facing and the reasons for their discontent. The turnout at the meeting was substantial; however, when asked for their opinions and suggestions, the crowd fell silent. As a result, Alex was unable to determine the reason for employee dissatisfaction.Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?
B) There is an unequal distribution of power in the company.
30) Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for their new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold?
B) Younger workers are more flexible to change.
72) With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the investigating type prefer ________.
B) activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding
51) Which of the following is an example of surface acting?
B) an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management
9) Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception?
B) heredity
49) Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the United States. This may be because ________.
B) individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions
30) The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________.
B) job involvement
31) In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described?
B) low job satisfaction
40) Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with the above stated example.
B) perceived organizational support
54) Those with a ________ personality identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situations.
B) proactive
57) With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve?
B) seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient
5) Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?
B) self-report surveys
55) Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility?
B) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
46) Carrie recently received the Employee of the Year award at the call center where she works as a customer service representative. She was chosen for the award because she is known to be highly courteous toward even the most difficult of callers and is efficient at handling their queries. A month after receiving the award, Carrie submits her resignation. According to her exit interview, she felt burnt out. Which of the following best explains this situation?
C) Carrie felt the strain of having to constantly fake positive emotions towards her customers.
11) Alicia Akers works as a marketing executive. She always talks in a high pitch and often draws a lot of attention wherever she is. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind people noticing Akers?
C) Characteristics of the target affect people's perception.
35) ________ is as important for managers as for front-line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance.
C) Conscientiousness
44) The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help them in the process?
C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?
21) Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that her team member Janice Kenneth has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project?
C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months?
2) Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment?
C) Gordon Allport
63) Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)?
C) It comprises a person's ability to detect other's and one's own feelings.
43) Which of the following statements is true regarding a contrast effect?
C) It involves evaluation of a person's features based on comparison with another person.
2) Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?
C) Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.
50) Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction?
C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living.
51) In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true?
C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.
36) ________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.
C) Perceived organizational support
Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company which promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies which focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity?
C) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group.
47) Which of the following is true of a narcissist?
C) They are more likely to emerge as leaders.
36) Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of highly conscientious people according to the Big Five Model?
C) They do not adapt well to changing contexts.
67) Which of the following is true of the baby boomer generation?
C) They give high importance to achievement and material success.
61) Which of the following is true of values ?
C) They have content and intensity attributes.
45) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the major job attitudes?
C) They tend to overlap one another.
56) The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________.
C) dissatisfaction
17) Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, while making decisions, she is assertive and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following personality types is Athers most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
C) extraverted
41) Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________.
C) perceived organizational support
1) According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.
C) personality
15) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________.
C) prefer their world to be ordered
19) Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior?
C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
16) Which of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of people according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
C) relying on unconscious processes and looking at the overall picture
54) Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic strength?
C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time
32) Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation?
D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous.
57) Which of the following, if true, would reduce the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?
D) Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations.
53) Which of the following is an example of deep acting?
D) Dave tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project.
52) Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction?
D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction.
46) The business head at Solaris Services was alarmed by the finding of a recent survey conducted in-house which revealed that most employees were dissatisfied with their work. He holds a meeting with various department heads to identify ways to stem the brewing discontent. One manager suggests providing employees with greater training opportunities. What assumption is the manager making?
D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them.
69) Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation?
D) Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations.
53) John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Hardley has over the past 6 months managed to get the company to an all time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley?
D) Hardley has a proactive personality.
54) Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?
D) It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner.
64) Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence?
D) It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse.
Which of the following is true of surface-level diversity?
D) It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race.
39) Amanda Winter used to work as a public engagement coordinator at Safe Food Alliance, until three months ago when her manager, Laura Morris, promoted her to the position of a sustainable food campaigner. However, soon after this, Laura noticed that Amanda was facing major difficulties in achieving campaign milestones and the project was falling behind schedule due to her lack of performance. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Laura was influenced by the halo effect in her decision to promote Amanda?
D) Laura sat in on only one of Amanda's presentations prior to giving her the promotion.
45) ________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
D) Narcissism
18) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance?
D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.
10) Which of the following statements is true about personality?
D) Personality is influenced by hereditary factors.
16) Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance?
D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products.
55) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?
D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.
26) Which of the following is true of biographical characteristics?
D) They are representative of surface-level diversity.
43) Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees?
D) They put in time but give no attention to their work.
27) Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade?
D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement.
42) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions?
D) Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men.
50) As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.
D) are less likely to emerge as leaders
40) Which of the following is referred to as a halo effect?
D) drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic
37) Among the Big Five Model traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels.
D) emotional stability
Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity?
D) employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively
67) Amber and Emma were recently hired by a marketing agency. Though there is a lot of work that has been allotted to both of them, Amber is always in a good mood. Emma, on the other hand, appears to be depressed with her job. In such a situation, as compared to Emma, Amber is more likely to ________.
D) find better solutions to problems
38) Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following is most likely to help Carlos lift his spirits?
D) going to a party with his friends
61) Wanda Elder works as a human resource executive. Being helpful is inherent in her nature and she regularly interacts with employees helping them understand their needs and ease difficulties. She reads emotional cues of people with ease and knows how to express her emotions without violating organizational norms. Which of the the following is Elder characterized by?
D) high emotional intelligence
48) Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.
D) high on self-monitoring
46) During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality?
D) narcissism
55) Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence, and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________.
D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction
30) According to the Big Five Model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________.
D) responsible, organized, and dependable
53) Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as trunk strength?
D) the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles
39) Employees are most likely to perceive their organization as supportive when ________.
D) they have a voice in decisions
68) The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework expands employee response to include voice and loyalty — constructive behaviors that allow individuals to ________.
D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions
________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience.
Deep-level
32) Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new Floor Supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role, instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate?
E) Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.
58) Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?
E) Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet."
66) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making?
E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.
33) Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment?
E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
37) Which of the following questions best helps understand the degree of perceived organizational support among employees?
E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?
39) Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts?
E) Introverts are less impulsive than extraverts.
6) Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?
E) It may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression.
52) Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Kate's chances of being selected?
E) Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals.
68) Dawn Wang heads an ad agency in Texas and regularly needs to work with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for products. For one of the company's esteemed clients, Wang and her team need to brainstorm ideas for a slogan for the client's new line of clothing. In such a situation, why is it particularly important for Wang to keep her team happy?
E) People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood.
3) ________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
E) Personality
12) The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action?
E) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.
22) With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong?
E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
40) Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion most likely be accepted?
E) The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year.
44) A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions?
E) a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission
31) According to the Big Five Model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.
E) low on conscientiousness
78) A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________.
E) must try to improve employee attitudes
4) Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________.
E) personality
Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.
________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age.
Surface-level
9) Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work, although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing?
a mood
35) ________ may be defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
ability
Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience?
affect
30) ________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions.
affect intensity
31) Ben Ervin often experiences emotions in a much stronger manner than most of his other colleagues. Events that do not provoke any significant emotional response from another person, send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. In view of such a situation, Ervin is displaying a high level of ________.
affect intensity
6) Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent?
affective
7) Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in this scenario?
affective component
54) ________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors.
affective events theory
Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs needed to be performed by individuals who had the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers?
age
28) Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
agreeableness
4) Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?
an emotion
15) Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?
an employee is late to work because of a punctured tire
14) Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?
an employee was fired from work becaue he violated a company policy
63) The ________ bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.
anchoring
68) Which of the following types of biases is most likely to play a significant role during a negotiation?
anchoring bias
16) Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers?
anger
1) ________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.
attitude
20) Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________.
attitudes, behavior
12) ________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior.
attribution theory
17) When individuals observe another person's behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. Which of the following attempts to explain this phenomenon?
attribution theory
67) ________ bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easily accessible.
availability
69) A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of 6 or 9 months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by a(n) ________ bias.
availability
57) The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________.
balance
10) Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer asked the employees repeatedly to sign out, they have not followed her advise. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer?
behavioral
8) Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude.
behavioral
27) The ________ is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
big five model
19) ________ is a pure marker of low positive affect.
boredom
59) A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.
bounded rationalty
2) The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.
cognitive
4) Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones?
cognitive component
13) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________.
cognitive dissonance
17) Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________.
cognitive dissonance
75) With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.
collectivism
66) The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments is known as a(n) ________ bias.
confirmation
29) Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?
conscientiousness
22) According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________.
consensus
13) Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?
consistency
19) If a person responds to a particular situation in the same way over a long time period, then the attribution theory states that the behavior demonstrates ________.
consistency
6) During team meetings Amber Downing always notices that Rhona Law tends to ask innumerable questions and suggests ideas at each discussion. However, Law stands out in the meetings only because she is the only one making suggestions. If both of them were part of team meetings where almost all members made suggestions and asked questions, Law would not have drawn as much attention from Downing. Which of the following factors has most likely influenced Downing's perception of Law?
context
42) ________ refers to the evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
contrast effect
44) Jessica recently joined a new company and was first introduced to Michelle, her cubicle neighbor. Michelle came across as amiable and cheerful. During lunch she met another colleague, Carrie, who did not come across as friendly as Michelle. In this situation, Jessica's interpretation of Carrie's personality is most likely to be affected by a ________.
contrast effect
41) ________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
core self evaluation
51) Which of the following terms refers to choices made from among two or more alternatives?
decision
22) People belonging to the ESTJ type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification.
decisive
39) ________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which involves using logic to assess the implications of an argument.
deductive reasoning
43) Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision?
deductive reasoning
52) The practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ________.
deep acting
55) What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?
defining the problem
56) Anne Warner, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, is in charge of implementing a campaign activity where she needs to increase the use of renewable energy in the villages of Vietnam. For her project, she uses the rational decision-making model to implement activities. She has just completed identifying an appropriate criteria for decision making and has allocated weights to the criteria. Which of the following is Warner most likely to undertake next according to the model?
develop options of wind solar and hydro energy
74) Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. Jason has also arrived at work intoxicated twice in the last week. His behavior can be classified as ________ behavior.
deviant
73) Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies home for personal use, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________.
deviant behavior
74) Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________.
deviant workplace behavior
57) Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions.
displayed
16) According to the attribution theory, ________ is one the three main factors which attempts to determine an individual's behavior.
distinctiveness
18) With reference to the attribution theory, which of the following terms indicates the extent to which an individual displays different behaviors in different situations?
distinctivenesss
52) Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements?
dynamic flexibility
35) Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood?
eating a meal with friends
3) Which of the following terms best describes an intense feeling directed at someone or something?
emotion
71) Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan's manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In addition, she maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues who have started behaving in a similar manner now. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?
emotional contagion
45) Sally works as a customer care executive at a telecom office in Ohio. She often needs to interact with a regular customer and she finds him extremely annoying. However, because of the nature of her work, she conceals her emotions well and politely talks to him and clarifies all his questions. Which of the following is being experienced by Sally?
emotional dissonance
47) ________ refers to inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project.
emotional dissonance
59) Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information?
emotional intelligence
60) Alejandro is constantly annoying people in the office. He speaks his mind freely without taking into consideration how it will affect others, doesn't try to smile when he's in a bad mood, and can't understand why other people are upset with him. Alejandro's inability to be self-aware indicates that he has a very low ________.
emotional intelligence
43) A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________.
emotional labor
44) Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________.
emotional labor
32) Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five Model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress?
emotional stability
13) ________ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and accompanied by distinct facial expressions.
emotions
72) Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________.
employee withdrawal
71) Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction most likely to result in turnover?
employees have high education and ability
71) With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the ________ type prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain powers.
enterprising
70) ________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.
escalation of commitment
Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity.
ethnicity
18) ________ is a pure marker of high positive affect.
excitement
21) ________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring.
exclusion
22) Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to?
exclusion
23) Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination.
exclusion
60) Maria Womack who worked for a bank in Michigan was dissatisfied with the way her manager treated her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response.
exit
67) The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework.
exit and neglect
7) Monica Walden feels that people who use plastic bags are insensitive toward the environment. She believes that people have a certain obligation toward their environment and should take it upon themselves to protect and preserve it. Which of the following factors has most likely influenced Walden's perception of people?
expectation
74) Which of the following is a component of the three-component model of creativity?
expertise
56) The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ________.
extent flexibility
40) People scoring high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five Model are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior than those who score low.
extraversion
24) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?
extraverted/intraverted
20) Amber Downing, a human resource executive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. During the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. The organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. However she believes that it is rude not to give them an update. She thus makes sure that she send them e-mails informing them all about the selection process. Which of the following personality types is Downing characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
feeling
5) Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude?
feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of wrongdoing
48) ________ emotions are emotions that people actually experience, despite what they might display.
felt
28) Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?
fundamental attribution error
31) Johanna Springer, who works as a sales executive at Pascal's Bank, is upset at the way her manager, Emma Womack, always calls her in for one-on-one meetings to discuss her underperformance. Though Springer makes a higher number of sales calls and works longer hours than last year, her sales figures are still low. She knows that the main reason behind her underperformance is the recent economic meltdown in the country. However, her manager feels that Springer's underperformance is the result of her laid back attitude and has nothing to do with external factors. In this situation, Womack's behavior is characterized by a(n) ________.
fundamental attribution error
48) ________ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions.
general mental ability
38) ________ refers to the tendency of people to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.
halo effect
41) William Davies, a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel, regularly interacts with bureaucrats, politicians, celebrities, and other prosperous individuals. He feels that all rich people are kind, hardworking, and friendly. Which of the following is Davies most likely to be characterized by?
halo effect
24) Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates?
high job involvement
22) Jane Hastings recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Hastings will need to interact with the media and give sound bytes on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing?
high negative affect
21) Janice Yoder works in an environmental campaigning organization and often needs to interact with a large team for project implementation activities. However, she always finds it difficult to work as a part of a team. She always seems to have major disagreements with team members which lead to antagonistic relations between them. Though she has moved from one team to another, her relations with colleagues always seem to be hostile and cold. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior?
high on consisitency
73) With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________.
high on power distance
38) Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax herself and get the much needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling?
high perceieved organizational support
24) Jean Ervin works as a fund raising executive at a women rights organization in San Diego. Though she has been with the organization for only a year now, she has already been promoted and often gets excellent feedback from her manager. Her manager says that the key to Ervin's good performance is because she is happy with the work she does and she is excited about the challenges in tasks which she takes up with a lot of enthusiasm. Which of the following mood dimensions is Ervin most likely to be feeling?
high positive affect
71) The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome is known as a(n) ________ bias.
hindsight
4) David Myers is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are rash drivers. He feels that people driving SUVs do not respect road rules and always violate traffic regulations. What personal factor is most likely to be affecting Myers' perception of SUV drivers?
his expectations
9) Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude?
i have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department
32) ________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection.
illusory correlation
33) Gerard Yoder believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Yoder's belief?
illusory correlation
12) Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes?
incompatibility
38) ________ refers to a dimension of intellectual ability which involves identifying a logical sequence in a problem and using this logical sequence to solve the problem.
inductive reasoning
44) A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability.
inductive reasoning
23) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, the ENTP type of people are most likely to be ________.
innovative
64) According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior.
instrumental
62) Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) which consisted of two sets of values, namely ________ values and ________ values.
instrumental;terminal
60) When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value system.
intensity
10) Which of the following is a factor present in a perceiver which may affect perception?
interest
13) In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees.
intimidation
15) Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees?
intimidation
17) Hazel Samuels has been working at her company for the past two years and consistently gets yelled at by her manager even when she is not at fault. He often makes derogatory references to her ethnicity. In addition, during team meetings, she is his target for practical jokes and nasty pranks. She is extremely upset and decides not to be subjected to such treatment any longer. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to report to the human resource department in such a situation?
intimidation
77) The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________.
intrinsic parts of the job
75) The three-component model of creativity proposes that individual creativity essentially requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and ________.
intrinsic task motivation
18) Ellaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following personality types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
introverted
60) ________ is a highly complex and highly developed form of reasoning that is based on years of experience and learning.
intuition
62) Phyllis Stintson needs to decide whether to start a campaign against deforestation in Indonesia. Though her research team has provided substantial information on the high feasibility of the project, Stintson does not go ahead with the project. Stintson's decision is most likely influenced by which of the following if she made the decision by drawing unconscious references from several different experiences in the past?
intuition
68) John Holland's personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types?
investigative
61) Which of the following is true of intuitive decision making?
it involves making decision based on distilled experience
11) Alana Gore works as a campaign manager at a non-profit organization in Manhattan. She was recently asked by her supervisor to give a presentation on the progress of the ongoing climate campaign. However, throughout the presentation, her colleague Kelly Simmons interrupts her by asking irrelevant questions. In addition, she tries to insult her by constantly criticizing key findings and objectives achieved. Though Gore initially tried to be patient, she eventually loses her cool and retorts back asking her to keep her questions and clarifications for the end of the presentation. Which of the following is a reason why Gore's reaction can be categorized as an emotion instead of a mood?
it is caused bhy a specific event
6) Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion?
it is prolonged in nature
7) When Ariana Winter is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that Winter's reaction can be categorized as an emotion?
it lasted for a brief time period
23) Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution theory describe this behavior?
it shows consistency
25) ________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.
job satisfaction
69) ________ is moderately correlated with organizational citizenship behavior.
job satisfaction
14) Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor that provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation?
julie has accepted that people have freedom of choice
29) Naomi Fisher, a sales manager at Pure, a water purifier company, had a new member, Leah Marshall join her team. Though during Leah's interview, Naomi felt she would be a productive sales executive, her performance has often been below the mark. Consistently in the past three months, Leah has been unable to reach her targets and is falling substantially behind on her annual targets. Naomi assumes that Leah is not determined and motivated enough to do what it takes. Which of the following, if true, weakens Naomi's assumption?
leah has been assigned a sales territory where consumers are from low income groups
25) Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee?
length of tenure
11) The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________.
leon festinger
26) Megan Cardova, who works as a sales executive at Orbit Bank, has been failing to meet her sales targets for the last 10 months. Recently, she had a face-to-face discussion with her manager where she said that the unrealistic targets were the reason for her underperformance. The manager, however, noticed that all the other team members were achieving their targets and sometimes were even achieving more than the set numbers. Which of the following is Cardova's behavior most likely to be characterized by according to the attribution theory?
low consensus
58) Rachel Hartley was a top graduate management student who now works as a project manager at a retail firm. However, in spite of her strong education background, she often finds it difficult to manage her team efficiently. She is not able to understand her team's emotions when they feel frustrated with a work challenge or when they need appreciation for a job well done. Which of the following does Hartley suffer from?
low emotional intelligence
25) Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension.
low negative affect
20) According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes.
low on consistency
25) Samantha is never late for work. But last Monday she arrived an hour late because of heavy traffic. According to the attribution theory, Samantha's behavior on that day scores ________.
low on consistency
27) According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes.
low on distinctiveness
23) Heather Donahue who works as a receptionist at a finance firm in New Jersey has been dissatisfied with her job for several months now. She finds the job uninteresting because of its monotonous nature where all she needs to do is receive calls. During work hours, she often experiences emotions such as tiredness, weariness, and boredom. Which of the following mood dimensions is she most likely to be experiencing?
low positive affect
58) Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do the needful to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________.
loyalty
62) Joe Dailey is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, in spite of this, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which of the following types of response represents his behavior?
loyalty
65) To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve, and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben?
loyalty
66) Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive?
loyalty
43) Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?
machiavellianism
69) With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the realistic type will be most suitable for the job of a(n) ________.
mechanic
41) Rene Cox works as a media officer in a global forest protection organization. Her job requires her to interact with a large number of people from the press with whom she needs to establish strong professional relationships. This requires her to remember a large number of people's names and the organizations with which they are associated. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability will best help her accomplish this task?
memory
19) A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments.
mockery
20) Stacy Hanes is an African-American woman who has recently taken her first job and does not seem to like the work environment at all. Her colleagues put down her ideas at team meetings and refer to them as "stupid." In addition, they make fun of her race and often ask her if she is educated enough to work for the company. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is Hanes most likely subject to?
mockery
5) ________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.
mood
12) ________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days.
moods
8) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding moods?
moods are cognitive in nature
12) The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100-questions where respondents are classified as extraverted-introverted, sensing-intuitive, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving.
myers briggs type indicator
61) Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response.
neglect
20) Which of the following mood dimensions is a pure marker of high negative affect?
nervousness
8) Which of the following is a factor present in a target which may affect a person's perception?
novelty
36) ________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic.
number aptitude
46) Lorna Perry, who works in a financial firm in Michigan, is required to calculate a large number of clients' accounts daily. She needs to tally figures and check accuracy at a high speed. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Perry most likely use?
number aptitude
33) According to the Big Five Model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty.
openness to experience
34) Marina Lyon works as a reservation executive at a travel and tourism company. Though her job requires her only to efficiently book flight tickets for customers, she has also opted to undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. In addition, every evening she reads travelogues to be aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. She loves the industry she works in and is eager to learn as much as she can. Considering the information given in this case, which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Lyon's personality ?
openness to experience
28) High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________.
organizxational citizenship
3) When two people witness something at the same time and in the same situation yet interpret it differently, factors that operate to shape their perceptions reside in the ________.
perceivers
14) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous.
perceiving
1) ________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
perception
45) Jeremy Samuels works in the police department of California. His job often requires him to observe clues that criminals leave behind. His job is to analyze these clues which help the department catch the criminal. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Samuels most likely have?
perceptual speed
66) Which of the following is an instrumental value according to the Rokeach value survey?
personal discipline
10) ________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity.
personality
The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job?
personality
50) ________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, and strength.
physical abilities
36) Which of the following is an example of a sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood?
playing video games at home
26) ________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on.
positivity offset
28) A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the finding of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such a finding?
positivity offset
52) A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state.
problem
29) Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________.
psychological empowerment
33) ________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves.
race
34) Green Planet, an environmental organization, recently opened an office in Indonesia. The organization is currently looking for employees to staff a deforestation project in the country. They need to recruit individuals who understand the intricacies of Jakarta's culture, the mindset of the locals, and are fluent in the local language. Which of the following are they most likely to consider while they recruit for these positions?
race
53) Which of the following is a decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome?
rational decision-maing model
21) Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end.
relaxation
27) Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset?
relaxation
17) ________ is a pure marker of low negative affect.
relaxer
14) Which of the following famous philosophers identified six emotions which he called "simple and primitive passions" and argued that all the others are composed of some of these six or are species of them?
rene descartes
34) On which day of the week does the positive effect tend to be highest?
saturdays
58) Emily Boyce, a project manager at an insurance firm, regularly satisfices while making decisions. She often comes across complicated problems which would take a long time to resolve. Due to the pressing deadlines, she often meets project goals by satisficing a large number of her decisions. Which of the following is Boyce most likely to do?
search for solutions that are reasonable
35) Individuals engage in ________ because it is impossible for them to assimilate everything they see and can take in only certain stimuli.
selective perception
36) You are more likely to notice a car like your own due to ________.
selective perception
37) Harriet Kirby, a fund raising manager at a women's rights organization, experienced a bad incident last year with the public relations manager of a banking company who had committed to sponsor a charity event. The bank backed out at the last minute. This year, when a renowned international bank executive showed interest in sponsoring the organization's upcoming annual event, Kirby rejected their participation. She felt that banks have a casual approach toward charity events, and it is risky to involve them in the event. Which of the following is Kirby most likely to be characterized by?
selective perception
32) ________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.
self serving
33) Jane Allen, a campaign manager at a non-profit organization, often takes full credit for project successes even when her team members' contributions play a big role in achieving milestones. However, when projects receive setbacks, she blames her team members and sometimes states that the situation was beyond her control. Allen's behavior is an example of a(n) ________ bias.
self serving
50) Sarah Covington, a sales manager at Synergy Corporation Bank, often keeps low expectations of her team. She feels that they are under qualified for their job and do not have substantial experience to sell a large number of accounts. Covington's team does not feel motivated enough and invariably underperforms and misses targets on a regular basis. Which of the following concepts best explains Covington's team's poor performance?
self-fulfiling prophecy
49) Which of the following terms refers to a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception?
selffulfilling prophecy
13) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details.
sensing
25) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for?
sensing intuitive
14) April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite?
sexual harassment
70) Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in Namibia and help get into jobs which can sustain themselves. According to Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types will best suit Help Aid's requirement?
social
53) Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they indulge in football and other team building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason of Galvan's high-level of satisfaction toward his job?
social context
65) Which of the following is a terminal value according to the Rokeach value survey?
social recognition
42) Gina Sanchez, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout can be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which of the following dimensions of intelligence will most help Gina reimagine the existing building?
spatial visualization
58) The physical ability that allows a body to continue maximum effort at maintaining prolonged effort over time is known as ________.
stamina
51) ________ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects.
static strength
45) Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which the person belongs is called ________.
stereotyping
46) Which of the following is a shortcut used in judging others by making generalizations?
stereotyping
47) Rose Buffay needs to give a presentation to the board of directors of her organization next week. She knows that her presentation will play an important role in her performance appraisal in the next quarter. However, she knows that two of her colleagues, John Roy and Keith Mathews, will also be giving a presentation on the same issue. She is nervous because she believes that men have a better flair for giving presentations. Buffay's perception of John and Keith is most likely characterized by ________.
stereotyping
48) A manager believes that he should not hire older workers because they can't learn new skills. This belief is an example of ________.
stereotyping
49) Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to display rules?
surface acting
63) According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states.
terminal
10) Erin Corbett works at a software company, in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontent customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood?
the anger has a contextual stimulus
29) Which of the following is true about emotions?
they are critical to rational thinking
76) Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes?
they give warnings of potential problems
19) Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutinization and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is Sinclair's personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
thinking
3) Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude?
this job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills
9) Which of the following is a factor present in a situation which may affect a person's perception?
time
70) Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives and when employees have high human capital.
turnover
76) According to Hofstede's framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to unstructured situations.
uncertainty avoidance
72) According to the concept of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.
utilitarianism
59) Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?
values
A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity.
values
37) ________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other.
verbal comprehension
47) Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability.
verbal comprehension
21) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted/ intuitive/ thinking/ judging type of people are ________.
visionaries
57) The ________ response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity.
voice
59) Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________.
voice
63) Sarah Mayer works as a marketing executive and has been unhappy with her job profile for several months now. Over the months, she has regularly discussed with her manager how her skills lie in administrative tasks instead of in marketing. In addition, she discusses how she can make a smooth transition into the administrative role. Which type of response is Mayer using in this situation?
voice
64) Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response.
voice
5) Extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are most likely to be noticed in a group. Which of the following statements best describes the reason behind it?
we dont look at targets in isolation
73) Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________.
whistle blowers
15) Which of the following emotions did philosopher René Descartes identify as one of the six emotions which he called simple and primitive passions?
wonder
49) The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed.
wonderlic cognitive ability test
