BUS 3382

What are the two names for charts that show plus-and-minus differences?

Bilateral bar Bilateral column

Three-dimensional visuals are most effective when ______.

there are three or more variables in a data set

In most cases, the scale of a chart should begin at ______.

zero

Why might two fonts with the same point size appear to be different sizes?

Sans serif fonts tend to look larger than serif fonts.

In order to exaggerate the rate of sales growth during his tenure as sales manager, Steve compresses the X-axis on his line chart and stretches the Y-axis until the trend line points sharply upward. Which of the following graphing errors has Steve committed?

Scale distortion

Having unequal dimensions on the X- or Y-axes is called a(n) ______.

error of scale

When using visuals in a business document, you should be aware of ______ concerns, such as making sure the visuals include the appropriate amount of diversity and that the sources for your visuals are cited properly.

ethical

The primary purpose of clip art is to ______.

help the reader understand the content of a message

One way to make a site more accessible for visually impaired visitors is to ______.

include audio files as well as text

The recommended form of organization for online content is a(n) ______.

inverted pyramid

The phrase "the ideal document is framed like a picture" describes the appropriate use of ______.

margins

The most appropriate visual for illustrating complex data across a geographic area is a ______.

statistical map

The look of a type, such as bold or italic letters, is known as its ______.

style

What is the standard margin on a business document?

1 in.

Which of the following are the most suited for using visuals? (Choose every correct answer.)

Difficult information Complex information Facts

True or false: Backgrounds should be the same color as the surrounding text or data.

False

True or false: In online documents, serif fonts are usually easier read.

False

True or false: visual elements are much less effective at communicating a message than written or spoken words.

False

How would you accurately describe organizational charts, flowcharts, and decision trees? (choose every correct answer.)

Flowcharts use designs and symbols to convey information. A flowchart shows the steps in a process. A decision tree can be a variation of a flowchart.

Which of the following is a secondary color?

Green

Which term refers to vertical and horizontal spacing?

Internal spacing

Why is alignment an important element of document design?

It makes your page design appear deliberate.

Why are readers of online material said to follow an F-pattern of reading?

They generally skim the text across the top of a webpage twice and then read vertically down the left side of the page.

Which of the following best describes the design purpose of a grid?

To help with placing elements

True or false: Understanding who is visiting your website can help you make decisions about style and content.

True

True or false: Websites are generally required by law to make their content accessible to visitors with disabilities.

True

Carlos has designed a flier to announce a staff softball team. When he prints it, he notices that the document looks cluttered and confusing, with too much text and too little white space. Carlos should review the guidelines for ______.

alignment and contrast

In a 100 percent stacked bar chart, the bars are ______.

equal in length but subdivided differently

A series of steps that must be performed sequentially would best be displayed in a(n) ______.

numbered list

A border should always be added to a visual when it ______.

occupies less than a full page

To avoid clutter and confusion, clustered bar charts should compare at most ______ different kinds of information.

three

The name given to a visual is known as the visual's ______.

title

Totals and subtotals should be placed in a table ______.

wherever they are most helpful to readers

When considering using visuals, your planning should largely be guided by ______.

your business and communication goals

When organizing online text, writers should ______.

begin with the main point

In cases where a visual requires both a caption and a footnote, the footnote should be placed ______.

below both the visual and the caption

A series of points set off by small dots is known as a(n) ______ list.

bulleted

It is the ethical duty of the author of a business document to present data and visuals in a way that ______.

can be easily and accurately interpreted by readers

A brief description of a visual intended to help the reader understand the data is known as a(n) ______.

caption

Using two serif fonts on the same page will likely ______.

cause the fonts to compete with each other

A chart in which the quantities of various items are indicated by vertical lines arranged on a grid is called a ______.

column chart

A chart illustrating the relationship between several different types of data, such as the number of cars sold, the average price of new cars, and fluctuations in household incomes over a 10-year period, is called a ______.

combination chart

A clustered bar chart is best used when you need to ______.

compare quantities of two or three values in one chart

Using a light text on a dark background is an example of ______.

contrast

A complicated description or explanation can be simplified through the use of a(n) ______.

diagram

Rules are most useful for ______.

distinguishing between different elements in a single visual

Sam chose to display his company's sales information in a three-dimensional visual when a simple line chart would have been less confusing. Sam's choice reflects a(n) ______.

error of format

Serif type and sans serif type are examples of different kinds of ______.

fonts

A special explanation or elaboration of an illustration that is indicated by a superscript number or symbol is known as a ______.

footnote

A grid layout is most useful when the document ______.

includes both text and visuals

A chart in which paired values are plotted on X- and Y-axes without a connecting line is called a ______.

scatter diagram

Colors made by mixing two primary colors are known as ______.

secondary colors

According to the proximity principle, visual elements that are dissimilar should be ______.

separated by space or other means

An orderly arrangement of information in rows and columns is known as a ______.

table

A presentation featuring many visual types may be divided into ______ for numbering purposes.

tables and figures

Simple tables that are meant to be read with the text are known as ______.

text tabulations

In general, the maximum number of series that should be compared in a single line chart is ______.

three to five

One difference between print and online texts is that online texts are often ______.

viewed on small screens

Making sure that visuals are accurate and honest representations of the data within in them is known as ______.

visual integrity

Delivering a message through the use of charts, diagrams, and other illustrations is known as ______.

visual rhetoric

When all the information in a chart has high values, the scale should start at ______.

zero and include a scale break

A bar chart made up of icons of the items being compared is known as a ______.

pictograph

The colors from which all other colors originate are known as ______.

primary colors

The idea that similar elements should be placed together is known as ______.

proximity

A key phrase or sentence that is offset from the regular text through larger font sizes and different colors or typefaces is called a ______.

pull quote

Color is used in business documents to ensure contrast and ______.

repetition

A portrait orientation is most appropriate for visuals that are ______.

tall

If you want to achieve contrast, repetition, alignment, or proximity in a document, you should focus on the ______.

text layout

Which of the following visual elements should be tested with an audience before being used in a cross-cultural presentation?

Background images

Which of the following are best suited for comparing qualities or comparing quantities? (Choose every correct answer.)

Bar charts Column charts

Which of the following statements are true about a bilateral bar chart? (Choose every correct answer.)

Bars may go in either direction to indicate increases or decreases. Bars begin at a central point of reference.

Which of the following are accomplished by a good layout?

Readers can understand the message. Readers can easily find the main points.

Which statement describes a design consideration that applies only to digital texts?

Readers may see documents in a variety of sizes.

Which of the following strategies is most likely to help a site appear as a top result of a web search?

Researching key words used by consumers

You are designing a brochure for customers in Japan. Which of the following will help you convey your meaning?

Researching the significance of colors in Japanese culture

You are writing a formal letter to a conservative business client. Which font would be the safest choice?

Times New Roman

How are visuals used in an increasingly media-rich society? (Choose every correct answer.)

Visual literacy helps people to communicate efficiently. Millions of people access visual information each day on sites such as Flickr and YouTube. Visual literacy allows people to communicate effectively.

Which of the following is a primary color?

Yellow

Which of the following Y-axis intervals suffer from the error of no uniform scale size? (Choose every correct answer.)

0 ,1, 2, 3, 5, 10 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200

Which of the following is a basic principle of document design?

Alignment

Which of the following are recommendations for creating a useful and easy-to-read pictograph? (Choose every correct answer.)

All pictures units should be equal in size. Pictures should be related to the information being illustrated.

Which of the following are common sources of errors of scale? (Choose every correct answer.)

Beginning at a point other than zero No uniform scale size Scale distortion

Which of the following actions need to be taken to use a photo protected by copyright? (Choose every correct answer.)

Cite the source of the photo Obtain permission from the copyright holder to use the image

Which of the following are particularly helpful in comparing and distinguishing data in a visual? (Choose every correct answer.)

Color Cross-hatching

Which of the following are objectives for which a statistical map would be a good choice? (Choose every correct answer.)

Comparing average income levels across the United States Analyzing differences in the poverty rates of different counties in a state

A chart in which the Y-axis starts with intervals of 10 (0, 10, 20) and ends with intervals of 50 (50, 100, 150) suffers from which of the following graphing errors?

No uniform scale size

Which of the following are examples of textual visuals? (Choose every correct answer.)

Pull quotes Process charts Tables

Which of the following is the main assumption behind the Z-pattern for page layout?

That the eye moves across the top and bottom of documents and diagonally in between

Which of the following are potential dangers of using clip art? (Choose every correct answer.)

The image may be protected by copyright. The image may distract or confuse readers. The image may be inappropriate or offensive to certain audiences.

Contrast means using visual elements to ______.

make information more legible

Which method of laying out text divides a document into a grid, or quadrants (quarter-sections)?

Gutenberg diagram

Which of the following elements appear in a table? (Choose every correct answer.)

Heads Columns Rows

What is included in internal spacing? (Choose every correct answer.)

Horizontal spacing Vertical spacing

Which of the following is a type of visual that indicates a command, action, or concept?

Icon

Which of the following factors determine the appropriate size of a visual? (Choose every correct answer.)

Importance Contents

Which of the following is a good guideline for choosing fonts?

It is best to limit yourself to no more than two fonts per document.

What are characteristics of a serif font? (Choose every correct answer.)

It makes the breaks between words more obvious in printed text. It has letters that appear connected to each other. It has tails and feet.

True or false: White space increases the readability of documents.

True

Using consistent formatting for headings in a report is an example of ______.

repetition

A visual that is stretched excessively on either its X- or Y-axis suffers from ______.

scale distortion

Which of the following are bar charts used to compare how wholes are divided?

100 percent stacked bar charts

How is the point size of a font determined?

By the height of the letter x

True or false: Three-dimensional visuals are ideal for illustrating data with two variables.

False

Which of the following visuals help readers to decide the next step in a process? (Choose every correct answer.)

Flow charts Decision trees

When comparing multiple series on the same line chart, which of the following should be used to help distinguish the lines? (Choose every correct answer.)

Form Color Labels

Which of the following is the ideal method for arranging slices in a pie chart?

Starting at 12 o'clock, arrange the slices clockwise from largest to smallest.

Identify each font as serif or sans serif.

Sans serif- Arial, Calibri Serif- Times New Roman, Cambria

To increase readability in printed documents, which of the following fonts should you use?

Serif

Natasha passed out copies of her report and began reviewing the pie chart that showed how expenses were allocated to different categories. Several attendees spoke out that they could not tell the difference between the colors of each segment on the chart and one said he was color blind. What could Natasha have done to prevent this problem?

Shade segments with different colors in different ways

What is the main use of combination charts?

Showing relationships among different types of data

Which of the following are elements commonly used in tables to indicate that data that is not available? (Choose every correct answer.)

The abbreviation n.a. The em dash

Which of the following are ethical issues related to the use of visuals? (Choose every correct answer.)

The number and size of visuals relative to the importance of the topic The diversity of the people being represented The effect of colors and other design elements on readers' emotions

What is the main purpose of using repetition in document design?

To help readers navigate your document

How do images and text convey information?

Visuals can be mentally processed more quickly than text.

A series of data points on a scatter diagram that are tightly clustered in a straight line indicate ______.

a strong relationship between the values on the X- and Y-axes

In most cases, titles should be placed ______ visuals.

above

Except for dollar signs, unit descriptions should appear ______.

above columns

Placing elements on the page in a way that appears intentional is known as ______.

alignment

Which of the following are common errors of format? (Choose every correct answer.)

Wrong chart type Inappropriate labeling Distracting grid lines

In a line chart, quantity changes should be charted on the ______.

Y-axis

Visuals that are ______ may require a full page, appendix, or attachment.

large and complex

The most appropriate visual for showing trends or changes over time is the ______.

line chart

In most cases, the best place for a visual is ______.

near the place where it is discussed

A photograph that is in the public domain is ______.

not restricted for use under copyright law

A full-page visual that is discussed in the text should be placed ______.

on the page following the first reference to the information it covers

A chart in which the whole is represented by a circle and each subdivision is represented by a proportionately sized wedge is known as a ______.

pie chart

Which of the following types of visuals would require a landscape orientation? (Choose every correct answer.)

A bar chart covering a wide time frame A table with many columns

Which of the following are characteristics of tables that are not found in text tabulations? (Choose every correct answer.)

A title A series number Being set off from the main text

Which of the following is a traditional font for business documents?

Arial

Which of the following are improved by the use of color or cross-hatching in a visual? (Choose every correct answer.)

Attractiveness Retention Comprehension

Which of the following design guidelines applies only to digital texts?

Avoid underlining

Which of the following visual elements should be numbered?

Charts, maps, or graphs in a document with multiple visuals

Which of the following should usually be placed below visuals? (Choose every correct answer.)

Descriptions Sources Footnotes

In choosing colors for a business document, which of the following should be among your first considerations?

Does my company style guide define or limit my choices?

Pull quotes are useful for which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Emphasizing key points in the text Displaying information that does not lend itself to charts or tables Breaking up visual uniformity

Which of the following best describes the purpose of search engine optimization?

Ensuring that a website is one of the top results of a web search

Which of the following refers to the amount of white space on a page?

External spacing

You just opened a new webpage, skimmed the text across the top of the webpage twice, and then read vertically down the left side of the page. What method did you use?

F-pattern

True or false: All visuals communicate through visual elements, such as charts and graphs.

False