Bus. Ethics 8-9
Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of species that have become extinct. T or F
F
The typical public affairs executive spends most of the day: Coalition building. Direct lobbying. Fund raising. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
In 2011, the world population was estimated at nine billion. T or F
F
A thin layer of gas that protects the Earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun is: Ozone. Carbon dioxide. Methane. Oxygen.
Ozone.
Businesses that are frequent targets of public debate are more likely to develop a long-term political strategy. T or F
T
Deforestation—cutting down and not replacing trees—contributes to global warming. T or F
T
The world's natural resource base—the air, water, soil, minerals, and so forth—is essentially finite, or bounded. T or F
T
Depletion of the ozone layer, destruction of the rain forests, and species extinctions all have an impact on: All of society. A particular region. A particular nation. Only developing countries.
All of society.
Both large and small businesses have adopted sustainable practices to what advantage? Cost savings from operational efficiency. Opportunity to serve emerging economies. Reduction of regulatory risk. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
An example of codes of environmental conduct that have been developed by and for specific industries include: The Equator Principles. The Forest Stewardship Principles. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Both of these answers are correct: The Equator Principles; and The Forest Stewardship Principles.
Both of these answers are correct: The Equator Principles; and The Forest Stewardship Principles.
Life-cycle analysis involves: Accurately recording the production costs at each stage of a product's life cycle. Collecting information regarding the lifelong environmental impact of a product, from extraction to disposal. Reducing recycling costs for disposable products. Increasing productivity while improving the environment.
Collecting information regarding the lifelong environmental impact of a product, from extraction to disposal.
Sustainable development through technology cooperation is best illustrated by: The Paris agreement which aims to limit the rise of the average global temperature. Microsoft provided the Jane Goodall Institute with animal tracking tools. A Swiss company selling agricultural chemicals agreed to global sustainable development goals. Salesforce installed its own water recycling system.
Microsoft provided the Jane Goodall Institute with animal tracking tools.
The beverage industry's partnership Refrigerants Naturally! is attempting to: Reduce water usage. Increase the amount of arable land in use. Reduce the use of ozone-depleting chemicals. Increase the consumption of natural beverages.
Reduce the use of ozone-depleting chemicals.
Rapid economic development is often accompanied by: Increasing population growth. Greatly decreased crop yields. Rising incomes, bringing higher rates of both consumption and waste. Decreasing incomes, bringing rates of both consumption and waste.
Rising incomes, bringing higher rates of both consumption and waste.
The term circular economy refers to: A production process that starts with raw materials, to product, usage, and disposal. The cradle to grave cycle. A production system that is regenerative by design. Extended product responsibility.
A production system that is regenerative by design.
Firms in the chemical industry, which must contend with frequently changing environmental regulations and the risk of dangerous accidents, usually have: No defined political strategy. A sophisticated political strategy. A political strategy focused on intellectual property rights. A political strategy focused on licensing rights.
A sophisticated political strategy.
Which political action strategy seeks to gain support from other affected organizations to better influence policymakers? Information strategy. Constituency-building strategy. Financial-incentive strategy. Lobbying strategy.
Constituency-building strategy.
A company that builds stakeholder coalitions to influence government is using which strategy? Informational. Financial-incentives. Constituency-building. Friendly forces.
Constituency-building.
Lobbyists, under U.S. law, must disclose their: Political affiliation and expenses. Earnings only. Expenses only. Earnings and expenses.
Earnings and expenses.
The core idea(s) of sustainable development is (are): Economic development must be accomplished sustainably. Poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation. Affluence is an underlying cause of environmental degradation. Both of these answers are correct: Economic development must be accomplished sustainably; and poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation.
Economic development must be accomplished sustainably.
Businesses and trade associations spend very little on lobbying. T or F
F
Rain forest destruction is controversial because these environments are more valuable cut down than standing. T or F
F
Stakeholder groups typically use far different tactics than businesses to influence government officials, elections, and regulation. T or F
F
The paradox of the commons is that if all individuals attempt to maximize their own private advantage in the short term, the commons will still remain productive in the long run. T or F
F
In a survey of 105 companies in 2017, the most frequent public affairs tactic was related to: Grassroots issues. Political action committees. Issues management. Federal government relations.
Federal government relations
Participants in the Montreal Protocol agreed that by 2030 they would phase out: Black carbon. CFCs. HCFCs. Carbon dioxide.
HCFCs.
Expert witness testimony is often collected: Through company newsletters. On the steps of the White House. In congressional hearings. From The Wall Street Journal.
In congressional hearings.
Advocacy ads are also called: Issue advertisements. Research and development plans. Constituent advertisements. Price control advertisements.
Issue advertisements.
Arable land is accurately described by which statement? It is a renewable resource. Over 50 percent of the irrigated lands in developing countries have been desalinized. Poor farming practices have caused arable lands to turn into swamps. Soil erosion helps to distribute dirt across arable lands.
It is a renewable resource.
Economic leverage occurs when a business uses its economic power to: Hire lobbyists to gain a desired political action. Pay for the costs of regulation to acquire a desired political action. Threaten to leave a location unless a desired political action is taken. Buy out another firm to acquire a desired political action.
Threaten to leave a location unless a desired political action is taken.
One of the oldest financial-incentive strategy tools is: Political action committee contributions. Political consulting aid. Advocacy advertising. Lobbying.
Political action committee contributions.
Under U.S. law, lobbying activities must be disclosed publicly. T or F
T
When managers become personally involved in developing public policy, the firm is at what level of business political involvement? Limited organizational involvement. Moderate organizational involvement. Aggressive organizational involvement. Holistic organizational involvement.
Aggressive organizational involvement.
By promoting the use of clean cookstoves in developing nations, a global alliance hopes to reduce: Deforestation. The burning of fossil fuels. Black carbon. Methane.
Black carbon.
Supporters of advocacy advertisements believe that they: Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder. Can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue. Increase union activity and long-term expenses for an organization. Both of these answers are correct: Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder; and can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.
Both of these answers are correct: Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder; and can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.
When a firm solicits its stockholders for political contributions for a particular candidate by letter and then sends those contributions to the candidate on behalf of its stockholders, it is called: Lobbying. Bundling. Collating. Constituency building.
Bundling.
An organization that produces net zero emissions of greenhouse gases is achieving: Carbon offsets. Carbon credits. Carbon neutrality. Black carbon.
Carbon neutrality.
A shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people uses collectively is a(n): Economic village. Collective resource. Global unification. Commons.
Commons.
Since 2008, the total amount spent on lobbying activity has: Remained exactly the same. Doubled. Decreased slightly. Increased slightly.
Decreased slightly.
The commitments of the Convention on Biological Diversity include: Developing national conservation strategies. Eliminating CFC production. Population control education. Massive irrigation projects in developing countries.
Developing national conservation strategies.
Which of these statements accurately describes a Super PAC? Allows limited contributions from unions. Allows limited contributions from individuals. Is also called the dependent expenditure-only committee. Does not allow direct contributions to candidates or political parties.
Does not allow direct contributions to candidates or political parties.
The amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes given prevailing technology is called: Ecological footprint. Technological innovation. Sustainable development. Consumption footprint.
Ecological footprint.
Which of the following is not a constituency-building strategy tool? Expert witness testimony. Advocacy advertising. Public relations. Legal challenges.
Expert witness testimony.
The idea that companies have a continuing responsibility for the environmental impact of their products or services, even after they are sold, is called: Life-cycle analysis. Product life responsibility. Extended product responsibility. Cradle to grave.
Extended product responsibility.
According to the textbook, global population is tripling every 50 years. T or F
F
When a business seeks to overturn a law after it has been passed or threatens to challenge the legal legitimacy of the new regulation in the courts, this is called: Accumulating. Overturn lobbying. Legal challenges. Funneling.
Legal challenges.
The information strategy tool most used by business is: Political contributions. Lobbying. Legal challenges. Direct communication.
Lobbying.
Which of these activities is not considered to be a marine ecosystem threat? Overfishing. Ocean pollution. Coastal development. Ocean alkalinity.
Ocean alkalinity.
A common tactic in a financial-incentive political strategy is: Lobbying. Legal challenges. Expert witness testimony. Political contributions.
Political contributions.
To help control political favoritism, there have been global efforts to: Promote fairness in the electoral process. Control the rapid decrease in campaign costs. Diminish the role of political parties. Discourage grassroots participation.
Promote fairness in the electoral process.
In Japan's pluralistic public policy process, who are the major participants? Members of religious institutions and non-profits. Representatives of big business, agriculture, and labor. Military personnel and top law enforcement agents. Professors and other members of academia.
Representatives of big business, agriculture, and labor.
Life-cycle analysis involves collecting information on the lifelong environmental impact of a product, all the way from extraction of raw material, to manufacturing, to its distribution, use, and ultimate disposal. T or F
T
Plants and animals living as a natural unified system are called an ecosystem. T or F
T
Sometimes businesspeople leave the private sector to take employment in government before returning to the corporate world. T or F
T
In 2016, the Global Electoral Organization (GEO) discussed which critical election administration issues? How to disengage electoral stakeholders. The use of technology to increase accountability. How to increase election disputes. How to hide dark money contributions.
The use of technology to increase accountability.
Dark money refers to: Anonymous contributions to for-profit organizations. Money collected illegally by PACs. Soft money. Undisclosed contributions to tax-exempt organizations.
Undisclosed contributions to tax-exempt organizations.
An example of industrial ecology in practice is: Developing a paper recycling program in business offices. Using wastes from one process as raw materials for another process. Manufacturing recyclable containers for products. All of these answers are correct.
Using wastes from one process as raw materials for another process.
A firm that provides technical details to policymakers to influence a political outcome is using the financial-incentives strategy. T or F
F
All international standards and codes of environmental conduct are 100 percent enforceable. T or F
F
According to the textbook, most public affairs departments are managed by someone in a vice president position. T or F
T
Global warming can be described by which of the following? The Earth has already warmed by between 0.7 and 1.1 degrees Celsius over the past century. Burning fossil fuels is the leading contributor of global warming. The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased by as much as 40 percent since the Industrial Revolution. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Public policies and government regulations are shaped by: Business. Special interest groups. Government. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Reasons for the destruction of rain forests include: Multiple Choice Commercial logging. Cattle ranching. Conversion of forests to plantations. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
To influence government policymakers' actions, an information strategy involves: Business leaders speaking before government policymakers. Government policymakers hiring special interest groups for fact-finding projects. Businesses listening to government policymakers in order to develop a corporate strategy. Gaining support from other affected organizations.
Business leaders speaking before government policymakers.
Which pattern of consumption is recommended to reduce humanity's global footprint? Buying goods from firms that always seek to maximize their profits. Choosing less harmful products. Building more transit stops on the outskirts of town. Eating more beef.
Choosing less harmful products.
Businesses believe they should avoid politics because the economic stakes are too high. T or F
F
Businesses must wait for a public issue to arise before forming a political strategy. T or F
F
Land, even when properly cared for, is not a renewable resource. T or F
F
Offshore wind turbines, genetic engineering, and energy-efficient homes are examples of smart consumption. T or F
F
Those who oppose business involvement with politics argue that managers do not have enough expertise to participate. T or F
T
Which of these factors has accelerated the current ecological crisis? Population reduction. Economic stagnation. Rapid industrialization. All of these answers are correct.
Rapid industrialization.
With respect to fresh water, according to one estimate, if it were possible to eliminate pollution, capture all available fresh water, and distribute fresh water equitably: Demand would exceed supply within a hundred years. There would be a balance between demand and supply within a hundred years. Supply would exceed demand within a hundred years. None of these answers is correct.
Demand would exceed supply within a hundred years.
A corporate political strategy does not: Hinder a competitor's ability to compete economically. Seek to continue the firm's economic survival or growth. Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing. Exercise a firm's right to a voice in government affairs.
Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing.
U.S. firms that operate outside the country have no need to understand businesses' role in foreign politics. T or F
F
Which of the following statements is not true about the population? Over the next century, population growth is expected to be greatest in developed nations. For many thousands of years, population growth was gradual. Industrial production would have to quintuple over the next 40 years in order to maintain the same living standard that people have now, given expected population growth. Just 10,000 years ago, the Earth was home to no more than 10 million humans, scattered in small settlements.
Over the next century, population growth is expected to be greatest in developed nations.
According to the case Clean Cooking, the widespread adoption of clean cookstoves would provide which of the following benefits: Reduced health risks. An increase in arable land. More take-out food options. Less entrepreneurial activity.
Reduced health risks.
Hiring former government officials for positions in the corporate world is: normally legal. typically illegal. against the Employment Act of 1946. against the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
normally legal.
Businesses promote an information strategy by inviting government leaders to: Visit local plant facilities. Attend company award ceremonies. Give speeches to employees. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Sustainable development: Meets the needs of the present while compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Gives precedence to environmental over economic considerations. Balances economic and environmental considerations. Gives precedence to present needs over future needs.
Balances economic and environmental considerations.
When a manager directly employs a lobbyist to represent the company's political strategy, in Washington this is called aggressive organizational involvement in politics. T or F
F
In the case Political Action by the U.S. Steel Industry, 2015-2018, what is one reason that foreign-made steel prices were so much lower than U.S. steel? Foreign steel-makers hired only union labor. American steel manufacturers were overcharging their customers. Many foreign governments subsidized their steel industries. U.S. steel prices were actually lower than foreign steel prices.
Many foreign governments subsidized their steel industries.
The most successful global businesses in coming years will be those companies that: Develop short-term partnerships between companies in developing countries to transfer environmental technologies. Recognize the imperative for sustainable development as an opportunity both for competitive advantage and ethical action. Avoid fully accounting for environmental costs in calculating measures of production such as the gross domestic product (GDP). Produce products with a limited useful life.
Recognize the imperative for sustainable development as an opportunity both for competitive advantage and ethical action.
Black carbon is the second largest contributor to climate change, responsible for as much as 18 percent of global warming. T or F
T
Expert witnesses provide testimony to legislators for businesses or business groups. T or F
T
Sustainable development will require technology cooperation through long-term partnerships between companies in developed and developing countries to transfer environmental technologies. T or F
T
The emergence of public issues often encourages companies to monitor public concerns, respond to government proposals, and participate in the political process. T or F
T
The leading contributor to global warming is the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. T or F
T
Proponents of business as a political participant argue: A pluralistic system invites many participants. It is business's constitutional right to be involved. Business is a vital stakeholder of government. Both of these answers are correct: A pluralistic system invites many participants; and business is a vital stakeholder of government.
Both of these answers are correct: A pluralistic system invites many participants; and business is a vital stakeholder of government.
A large sporting goods store that raised the age for purchase of some firearms in response to public concerns for gun control were seen by detractors as: Being too selfish to care about humanity. Trying to solve a problem they had no expertise in. Risking their reputation by engaging in politics. Being too small and weak to make a difference.
Risking their reputation by engaging in politics.
Natural capital refers to the world's: Supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things. Combined stock ownership. Combined capital investments. Supply of sustainable developers.
Supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things.
A Super PAC is a financial-incentive political strategy tool. T or F
T