Busi 1301 Chapter 9 terms and questions.

Motivation

something that prompts a person to release their energy in a certain direction.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Holds that humans have 5 levels of needs and act to satisfy their unmet needs. Physiological needs, followed in order by safety, social esteem and self-actualization needs.

The rewarding of a bonus for finishing a job proposal in a timely fashion would demonstrate how reinforcement theory can be used to motivate employees. TF

True

According to Herzberg, to keep a worker satisfied or motivated, the manager should

give recognition to employee

The belief behind employee ownership is the idea that it will:

Cause employees to act more like partners than clock watchers

The _____ is a theory that is concerned with workers' perception about how fairly they are treated compared with their coworkers.

Equity theory

hygiene factors

Extrinsic elements of the work environment that do not serve as a source of employee satisfaction or motivation.

Employee ownership creates too much stress and is a poor motivator. TF

False

The Hawthorne effect is used to describe the individual reaction and not that of the group. TF

False

motivating factors

Intrinsic job elements that lead to worker satisfaction.

Want

The gap between what is and what is desired.

Jan Carlzon, former president of Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), has said that one of the greatest fears executives have is that employees will "give away the store" to satisfy complaining customers. From this statement, it would appear that Carlzon was opposed to:

empowerment

Job sharing

A scheduling option that allows two individuals to split the tasks, responsibilities, and work hours of one 40-hour-per-week job.

Job rotation

A shift of workers from one job to another, also called cross-training.

Goal Setting Theory

A theory of motivation based on the premise that an individual's intention to work toward a goal is a primary source of motivation.

Expectancy Theory

A theory of motivation that holds that the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on the strength of that individual's belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome.

Equity Theory

A theory of motivation that holds that worker satisfaction is influenced by employees' perceptions about how fairly they are treated compared with their coworkers.

In many companies, workers are trained by assigning them to several different jobs over a period of time. This regular shifting of assignments is called:

Job rotation

At Children's Hospital in Denver, good attendance is encouraged by recognizing staff members who have not missed work in the previous three months. At three-month intervals, at staff meetings, the names of those who have not missed work that quarter are announced. These employees are given ribbons of excellence, perfect attendance pins, prizes, tote bags, alarm clocks, gift certificates or movie tickets. As an added incentive, the person with the longest record of perfect attendance is allowed to choose first from the list of "gifts." This is an example of how _____ are used in association with the ______ theory.

Rewards; reinforcement

A group of management consultants is studying OGSI Manufacturing and its team management strategy. Once Pete Jazoni's work group was selected for special attention by the management consultants, the work group's production output nearly doubled. Jazoni's group's reaction to the special attention is an example of:

The Hawthorne effect

Need

The gap between what is and what is required.

Hawthorne effect

The phenomenon that employees perform better when they feel singled out for attention or feel that management is concerned about their welfare.

reinforcement theory

a theory of motivation that holds that people do things because they know that certain consequences will follow

punishment

anything that decreases specific behavior

reward

anything that increases a specific behavior

Theory X management

assumes that the average person dislikes work, will avoid it if possible, prefers to be directed, avoids responsibility, and wants security above all.

Theory Y management

assumes that the average person wants to work, accepts responsibility, is willing to help solve problems, and can be self-directed and self-controlled.

Scientific Management

based on four principles: 1. developing a scientific approach for each element of a job 2. scientifically selecting and training workers, 3. encouraging cooperation between workers and managers, 4. dividing work and responsibility between management and workers according to who can better perform a particular task.

Theory Z

combines U.S. and Japanese business practices by emphasizing long-term employment, slow career development, moderate specialization, group decision-making, individual responsibility, relatively informal control over the employee, and concern for workers.

job enlargement

the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing the number and variety of tasks that a person performs

job enrichment

the vertical expansion of a job by increasing the employee's autonomy, responsibility and decision-making authority.