Business 230 Chapter 1

A system can be defined as...

A group of objects working together to accomplish some goal

This is the lower layer of organizational management, typically concerned with day to day operations of the organization, and there is little risk. Average compensation

Operational

The three layers of organizations are

Operational, Tactical and strategic

Organizations interact with their environment through their

Outputs

These are ideal for displaying information to an audience, and as means of keeping the speaker on track.

Presentations

The inputs for the DSS were data reports from the ___ & the ___

TPS & MIS

The middle layer of management in an operation. Has more long-term focus. Moderate compensation

Tactical

These have one advantage and that is size. They were developed in response to the need to share documents between users of early computers.

Text Documents

To answer some questions or a set of questions leading to higher decision making

The objective of information

A system that does not receive inputs from the external environment and does not provide outputs

A closed system

A good rule of thumb for presentations is to spend at least ___ minutes on each slide.

5

A system able to change the way it behaves based upon the external environment

An open system

Facts that can be represented by objects such as letters, numbers, symbols, words ect.,

Data

When users are granted rights or privileges to access data, usually through online sources. It still needs to be protected from unauthorized access through data security systems.

Data Dissemination

The securing of data and data processes within and outside the organization, the granting of rights and privileges to access data within and outside the organization, and detection of unauthorized access.

Data Security

Incoming data must be examined, incorrect or inappropriately formatted data must be correct and changes must be made to bring the data in line with the existing data requirements for the org.

Data cleansing and scrubbing

Organizations constantly collect data from a variety of sources, many of which are from the external environment The data must be stored in some secure location. This is known as:

Data collection

These contain huge amounts of data arranged in a series of related tables. They are effective ways to select the required data from the massive amounts of data stored in a database.

Database Queries

This system processes data and indicates one particular best option, and still leaves it up to managers to approve the choice.

Decision Support System (DSS)

Dissemination of information can be in

Electronic format or hard copy

In _____ , the heart is a central database. All parts of the organization have to enter data in formats and all departments have to have access to the same data and information.

Enterprise systems

To overcome the silo effect, large organizations use massive, purpose-built system called:

Enterprise systems

These systems use touch screens to allow the executive to access the information system. It requires a great deal of information to be imported from the external environment (This information would then be consolidated and placed into the system)

Executive Support Systems (ESS) aka Executive Information Systems (EIS)

___ used a set of rules to hold knowledge and make decisions. The answers would be processed through and inference engine which contained rules of logic used to come to a solution

Expert Systems

This enviornment consists of those entities over which the organization has little control.

External environment

Data that has been given context or meaning through the application of various processes

Information

Data that is (1) accurate and timely, (2) specific and organized for a purpose, (3) presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance and (4) can lead to an increase in understanding and a decrease in uncertainty is....

Information

Information has to be available in a timely fashion to be useful

Information Timeliness

The relative presence of errors in information

Information accurary

_____ is considered to be perfect if there is no missing information

Information completness

Whether the information meets some set of specification

Information consistency

Open systems who's inputs are data.

Information systems

To have little redundancy in the information

Information uniqueness

Environment over which the organization can maintain a relatively high degree of control. It is open to inputs from the external environment from entities such as their customers, suppliers, the government, competition, shareholders ect.

Internal Environment

Transactions could be examined to determine which products were the most profitable, asses demand trends, examine production efficiency.

Management Information Systems (MIS)

The combination of text, graphics, audio, video and other media is called

Multimedia

Effective tools for manipulating data and creating graphics to represent trends in data. Originally developed to represent an accounting sheet on a computer screen.

Spreadsheets

The top layer of management for an organization. High risk, time focus is many years. Few employees, high compensation

Strategic

An accounting department would have their own TPS and MIS and would not share data and information with other departments:

The silo effect

The inputs of the MIS were the transactions for the ______ and the outputs were routine reports

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

The first information systems to be developed were at the operational level. They were developed in response to the demands of the organization for a system to keep track of day-to-day transactions and were called:

Transaction Processing Systems

In these, files and reports can be placed in a central location, and can be accessed by people as needed.

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