Business - Chapter 12

bargaining zone

is the range of options between the initial and final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse. If no resolution is found, then mediation or arbitration is the next step.

Women have become a __________ part of the labor force.

sizeable and permanent

Yadier believes that an agency shop is the most desirable union security arrangement. Which of the following statements would be most likely to represent Yadier's views?

Workers should not be required to join a union to keep their jobs. However, since all workers enjoy the benefits obtained through collective bargaining, even those who do not join should pay a fee to support the union. Under an agency shop arrangement, workers are not required to join a union, but those who do not join must pay a union fee.

What is the main cause today of the increase of unionizing in nontraditional professions?

low wages. Unions today are gathering momentum in nontraditional professions such as nursing and teaching. They are also gaining support in low-paying jobs such as those offered by fast-food restaurants, where the push is on for more equitable wages.

The decisions of a mediator are

not mutually binding.

The AFL originally was a federation of craft unions that did not attempt to organize industrial unions. The main reason for this strategy was that

the leaders of the AFL believed that the skilled workers represented by craft unions would have better bargaining power than unskilled workers. Under the leadership of Samuel Gompers, the AFL intentionally limited its membership to skilled workers belonging to craft unions. A major reason for this strategy was that Gompers believed skilled workers would have more success with collective bargaining than unskilled workers.

If the union and management are looking for a final decision that will be binding, then they would go into

arbitration. The decisions of an arbitrator are mutually binding to both the union and management.

If management and union officials cannot resolve a grievance, a(n) _________ is asked to listen to the arguments of each side and to make a decision that both sides will have to comply with.

arbitrator

One goal of the Landrum-Griffin Act was to

clean up the corrupt practices of unions.

The AFL was concerned primarily with

fundamental labor issues.

Harassment that creates an intimidating or offensive work environment falls under the type of sexual harassment known as a(n)

hostile work environment.

Antonio is an assembly line worker for a major automobile manufacturer. When he was first hired for the job, he did not have any specific training or skill. Antonio joined a union with other assembly-line workers who perform a variety of jobs that do not require a highly specialized skill. Antonio belongs to a(n)

industrial union. An industrial union is an organization of unskilled or semiskilled workers. This type of union is often found in industries characterized by mass production methods, such as the automobile industry.

Mediation

is the use of a third party, called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and often makes suggestions for resolving the dispute. The decisions of a mediator are not mutually binding, but are usually considered quite accurate.

A(n) ___________ occurs when management temporarily closes a business to deny employment to workers.

lockout

How has labor union membership changed over the years?

Labor union membership has declined. Since the number of workers in labor unions has declined dramatically over the years, you may be under the impression that unions aren't important today or that they have lost their passion for seeking fair treatment for workers.

As an advisor to a company setting up its sexual harassment policy, which of the following tactics would you suggest?

Setting up a proactive grievance procedure for quick action if and when there is an accusation of sexual harassment.

The Taft-Hartley Act

allowed individual states to pass right-to-work laws prohibiting compulsory union membership.

The __________ is a tactic police, firefighters, and other workers who are not legally allowed to strike sometimes use to express their frustration and displeasure with working conditions or pay.

blue flu

Small businesses have found that child care programs

can be offered in creative ways that enable the firm to offer an attractive benefit to workers with young children.

What are the main benefits of being a union member today?

fair wages and safe working conditions. Union membership can be costly since union leadership works hard to get its members fair wages and safe working conditions.

As an employee of the human resource department of a major corporation, you are concerned about the potential costs of drug abuse. You are contemplating testing employees for substance abuse. Before adopting such tests, you should know that

if you use these tests, your company will join over 60 percent of major companies that test workers and job applicants.

The objectives of labor unions have

shifted with social and economic conditions.

Two of the most important tactics used by unions when collective bargaining efforts break down are

strikes and boycotts.

JetStream Airlines implemented a program to curb workplace violence before it occurs. Under this program, the employees of JetStream can expect to

take part in focus groups to share their ideas about workplace violence prevention. Many executives and managers consider workplace violence a serious issue and have taken action to prevent problems before they occur. To deal with this growing threat, firms have held focus groups to invite employee input, hired managers with strong interpersonal skills, and employed skilled consultants to deal with any growing potential of workplace violence.

The range of options between the initial and final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse is known as

the bargaining zone.

During the 1920s and early 1930s, the Rosedale Shoe Factory was able to prevent workers from forming a union by requiring them to sign an employment contract in which they agreed not to join a union as a condition of employment. Rosedale Shoe Factory was making use of

yellow-dog contracts. A yellow-dog contract required workers to agree not to join a union as a condition of employment. This type of contract was declared illegal by the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932.

Sean believes that management is treating him unfairly because of his efforts to organize a vote for union representation. Which organization should he contact to report his concerns?

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) provides guidelines and offers legal protection to workers seeking to vote on organizing a union to represent them in the workplace.

Which of the following acts gave more power to management in its relations with organized labor?

Taft-Hartley Act

Closed shops were declared illegal by the

Taft-Hartley Act.

The process of bringing in an impartial third party to render a binding decision in a labor dispute is referred to as

arbitration.

what is a disadvantage of hiring union workers?

Union workers can be costly. Union workers can be costly since their leadership works hard to get their members fair wages and safe working conditions.

What is an advantage for Freeman XP, a brand experience company that organizes large events such as trade shows, of hiring union workers?

Union workers have the varied, specialized skills required to run large events successfully. explanation: Freeman believes a key benefit of using union worker is that no matter where they are setting up, the company can count on trained workers who have the necessary skills to operate such large events from start to finish.

A key difference between a mediator and an arbitrator is that

an arbitrator can settle a labor-management dispute by rendering a binding decision, while a mediator can only make suggestions and encourage the two sides in a dispute to continue negotiating. A mediator is an impartial third party who encourages both parties in a labor-management dispute to continue negotiating. Mediators can offer suggestions to help the parties reach an agreement, but do not have the authority to end the dispute by making a binding decision. An arbitrator is an impartial third party who has the authority to settle a labor-management dispute by rendering a binding decision.

In 1997, the Supreme Court rendered a decision on a case stipulating that sexual harassment law

applied to same-sex harassment, as well. The Supreme Court (in 1997) said that same-sex harassment also falls within the purview of sexual harassment law.

A(n) ________ is an employee organization that represents workers in employee-management bargaining over job-related issues.

union