business ethics

Describe and differentiate between a compliance-based approach and an integrity-based approach to leadership. Which approach is preferred? Justify your response.

A compliance-based code of ethics addresses the avoidance of legal penalties, while an integrity-based code defines guiding values ​​for an organization, creates an environment that supports ethical behavior, Emphasize shared responsibility.

. Describe the responsibilities of an ethics officer within an organization.

An ethics officer typically assesses the needs and risks that need to be addressed by a company-wide ethics program, develops and distributes codes of conduct or ethics, conducts training programs for employees, and answers questions confidentially. Responsible for establishing and maintaining services. In relation to ethical issues, respond, ensure that the Company complies with the law, monitor and review ethical behavior, address potential violations of the Company's Code of Conduct, and review the Code of Conduct. to update.

. Describe the risk areas associated with artificial intelligence (AI).

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers many benefits to society, but there are compelling ethical concerns about using the technology. Areas of risk related to AI decision-making should be monitored to be consistent with the ethical expectations of the organization. Machines cannot internalize human values ​​and principles, so AI must be programmed with ethical parameters. Companies must consider public safety so as not to harm society. There are also concerns that AI used in the economy will lead to widespread unemployment. In addition, AI, like humans, can be biased, which can lead to new problems. AI systems can adopt existing human biases and unintentionally discriminate against them. Because AI is programmed to make decisions as it learns, it can introduce unintended biases.

Explain what blockchain is and identify the benefits of blockchain technology.

Blockchain is a distributed record-keeping technology that maintains an immutable record of blocks (or ledgers) of data over time. Because data is de-centralized and locked into systems, organizations are turning to this technology for greater transparency and security. There is less risk of cyberattacks because it is not centralized. It is also effective in improving supply chains and food safety. Another benefit of blockchain is that it creates an audit trail that protects both consumers and businesses from fraud and serves as a solution against digital fraud and data breaches across multiple industries.

. Explain how businesses can manage ethics issues in technology.

Businesses have a responsibility to use technology ethically. Proactive technology management requires the development of resource utilization plans to take advantage of competitive opportunities. Many companies have codes of ethics that address the proper use of computers, mobile devices, and other technologies. Addressing these risk areas and educating team members can help employees understand what is acceptable and what is not. Corporate guidelines and standards must be integrated into corporate culture to promote responsible use of technology. An effective program should take a strategic approach with coordination of all functional activities including consideration of overall mission, strategy and social responsibility. Top managers should consider the social impact of technology in their strategic planning process. More and more organizations are hiring Chief Privacy Officers (CPOs). The CPO is the executive responsible for developing and implementing privacy policies and procedures.

. Explain why many international business ethics issues are different from domestic ethical issues

Global companies cannot succeed by simply applying their domestic ethics programs to other global environments. Ethical issues such as honesty and integrity are common in most countries, but differences in laws, political systems, and cultures require a more focused approach to ethical decision-making. Global Ethics is not a "one-size-fits-all".

41. Discuss the differences between groupthink and group polarization, providing examples of each.

Groupthink leads to decisions based on a desire not to upset a group of people, whereas group polarization leads to decisions made by group members that are cautious and highly conservative, and those that group members are risk-averse. It leads to risky decisions.

. List the key goals of successful ethics training programs

Identify key risk areas to which employees are exposed. Through mini-cases, online challenges, DVDs, or other experiential learning opportunities, we provide experiences that address fictional or veiled ethical issues within the industry. Let your employees know that cheating is never encouraged within your organization and that employee reviews will consider conduct in this area. Let employees know that they are personally responsible for their actions. Align employee behavior with your organization's reputation and branding. Provide ongoing feedback to employees on how ethical issues are being addressed. Provide employees with a mechanism to raise concerns anonymously, but answer important questions (24-hour hotline). Provide a hierarchy of leadership that employees can rely on when faced with an ethical dilemma they don't know how to resolve.

37. Describe the role of leadership in understanding and executing ethical decision making in organizations.

Leaders are key to influencing an organization's corporate culture and ethical stance. Leadership plays a large role in ethical decision-making. Leaders have the power to motivate others and enforce organizational norms and policies, as well as their own perspectives.

Explain how ethical dilemmas and behavioral simulations can help employees make more ethical decisions.

Many believe that when employees are forced to face real or imaginary ethical dilemmas, "hands-on" training helps organizations understand how to deal with potential problems. We believe it helps you understand what you want.For example, Lockheed Martin has developed a training game containing dilemmas that can be solved in teams. Each team member provides their own perspective, allowing other team members to fully understand the impact of decisions on employees and the organization.

Discuss the ethical issues and criticisms associated with multinational corporations.

Multinational corporations are the subject of many ethical debates, and their impact on the countries in which they do business is debatable. Trade unions in both the United States and Europe say it is unfair for multinationals to move jobs overseas where wages are lower. It is accused of using a labor-saving device that causes Their size and financial power to allow them to control money, goods, jobs, and even the economic well-being of developing countries. We believe this raises ethical issues involving both exploitation of human resources. Critics also accuse multinationals of exploiting host countries' labor markets.

Explain how differences in two countries' cultures can create ethical issues in business.

National culture is a much broader concept than organizational culture, encompassing all of our human-created environments, both tangible objects such as artifacts and intangible entities such as concepts and values. I'm here. Language, law, politics, technology, education, social organization, shared values ​​and ethical standards are all included in this definition. Every country has its own culture and different beliefs about what business activities are acceptable or unethical.

. Describe what a national culture is and what it includes.

National culture is the term we use to refer to the group of people who grew up in a particular country. Compared to others, these individuals tend to share certain expectations of how things should be done and to respect those expectations.

36. Describe what a technology assessment is and explain why it is a powerful tool.

One way to encourage self-regulated ethical behavior and calculate the impact of new technologies is to conduct technology evaluations. Technical assessment is a process that helps organizations assess the potential impact of new processes, systems, and products on business operations and stakeholders. It is a powerful self-management tool that can be used to assess business performance, determine whether the benefits of new technology outweigh the risks, and identify strategic courses of action for responding to new technology.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of implementing an ethics program with a compliance orientation versus one with a values orientation. Is one better than the other at maintaining an ethical organization?

Research on compliance and values-based approaches has shown that both types of programs can interact and work towards the same goals, but values-based approaches also include employee ethics. It has the added benefit of promoting open thinking. Values-based programs increase employee awareness of ethics in the workplace, integrity, willingness to provide information to supervisors, use of reporting mechanisms, and awareness that ethical decisions are being made. A compliance-based program facilitates decision-making, coupled with employees' awareness of ethical risks in the workplace and a clear understanding of rules and expectations. Ultimately, both orientations can be used to help employees and managers. But a values-based program is the foundation of an ethical company culture.

. List the minimum requirements for ethics and compliance programs according to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations.

Standards and procedures such as B. Code of ethics suitable for detecting and preventing fraud. Senior staff responsible for ethics and compliance programs. Those who are prone to cheating are not given significant discretionary powers. Standards and procedures are effectively communicated through ethics training programs. A system for monitoring, investigating and reporting fraudulent activity. Strict enforcement of standards, norms and penalties. Continuous improvement of our ethics and compliance programs.

39. Discuss the differences among the five styles of conflict management.

The 5 conflict management styles are Accommodating, avoiding, compromising, competing and collaboration. These important management skills include using different tactics depending on the situation, negotiation, and creative thinking. Properly managing conflicts helps organizations minimize interpersonal issues, increase customer satisfaction, and achieve better business outcomes. Conflicts at work don't automatically mean that a particular employee is to blame, but sometimes it can be a problem. If you have employees questioning the status quo and wanting changes that they think will benefit the company, it could be an indication that your company has a high level of employee engagement.

Define the digital divide and describe how companies can help to close the gap.

The digital divide refers to differing access to technology among social, geographical, and geopolitical groups. More than ever, Americans rely on the internet for education, jobs, medical needs, and purchasing goods. Nevertheless, in the United States he said more than 20 million people do not have internet at home. In many ways, companies have strived to bridge the digital divide. Businesses can provide Internet, computer, software, and digital skills training to underprivileged children. Businesses can help low-income students access computers, tablets, and high-speed hotspots. In addition, businesses can provide low-income households with low-cost Internet service and low-cost computers. In addition, companies can offer educational resources, such as face-to-face and online courses, to help users.

Describe the equity issues related to biotechnology.

The first obvious injustice is the price of biotechnology to consumers. For example, the Federal Food and Drug Administration has approved gene therapy for a rare childhood disease, which is currently the most expensive drug on the market, costing millions of dollars per patient. Prescription drug prices vary greatly from country to country. The argument for such a wide range of prices has been described by pharmaceutical companies as trying to cut costs in developing countries while maintaining profitability in developed countries. However, the discussion of this cost has been and will continue to be minimal. The argument that corporations are unequally insensitive is largely irrelevant and revolves around patents. D

Define what drones are and describe how they can be used to reduce employee health and safety risks.

rones are AI-programmed unmanned aerial vehicles that can be used to collect aerial imagery, deliver products, and collect environmental data such as temperature and humidity. Businesses are using drones to reduce employee health and safety risks. For example, the Royal Navy in the UK uses drones to find defects on ships, diagnose and fix those problems at sea.