Business Ethics and Society Final Review

Which of the following sectors includes fishing and forestry occupations? A. Agricultural B. Goods-producing C. Service D. Manufacturing

A. Agricultural

Labor flexibility is the: A. View that business is analogous to a game and special lower ethics are permissible. B. Ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs as business conditions change. C. Transferring of work from within a company to an outside supplier to cut labor costs. D. Agreement by which an employee exchanges his/her labor in return for specific pay and working conditions.

B. Ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs as business conditions change.

Executive Order 11246, established in 1965, mandates: A. Affirmative action for all government employees. B. Affirmative action for all federal contractors and subcontractors. C. Equal pay for equal work for all federal contractors and subcontractors. D. Family and medical leave for all federal employees for illness, or the birth of a child.

B. Affirmative action for all federal contractors and subcontractors.

Variation in the important human characteristics that distinguish people from one another is called: A. Workforce variability B. Diversity C. Difference D. Affirmative actions

B. Diversity

According to Figure 16-5, the country with the highest percentage of women holding board member positions is the United States. A. True B. False

B. False

According to the latest government data, in about 30 percent of all married couples with children, both parents worked at least part-time. A. True B. False

B. False

Sexual and racial harassment will happen, and little a business can do to eliminate the problem. A. True B. False

B. False

The major agency charged with enforcing equal opportunity laws and executive orders in the United States is the Americans with Disabilities Council (ADC). A. True B. False

B. False

Sexual harassment applies to: A. Only men who are being harassed. B. Only women who are being harassed. C. Either men or women who are being harassed. D. Only attractive employees who are being harassed.

C. Either men or women who are being harassed.

The _____ contract was traditionally defined as an employment contract that could be ended by either the employer or the employee without notice and for any or no reason. A. right-to-work B. individual freedom C. employment at-will D. just cause

C. employment at-will

What type of change is caused by the processes of job destruction that alter the mix of work in an economy? A. Legislative B. Demographic C. Technological D. Structural

D. Structural

Which of the following is true regarding immigration in various countries? A. Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable. B. Many European nations are strongly ethnocentric and welcome immigrants. C. The Japanese easily integrate with non-Japanese people in their workplaces. D. Japan has recently seen a large influx of immigration which has drastically increased its population.

A. Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable.

Which law eliminated certain restrictions for filing pay discrimination lawsuits? A. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009. B. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. C. Equal Opportunity Employment Act of 1972. D. Equal Pay Act of 1963.

A. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009.

Which of the following sectors includes jobs in retailing, transportation, and health care? A. Service B. Manufacturing C. Agricultural D. Goods-producing

A. Service

When looking at a long-range projection of workers in the U.S. market, what is the prediction for the year 2050? A. The number of Whites will decline as a percentage of the labor force. B. The Hispanic growth rate will be slower than Asians. C. The largest increase will be in the percentage of Asians. D. The percentage of women in the labor force will increase by 5.5%.

A. The number of Whites will decline as a percentage of the labor force.

Racial harassment is illegal under: A. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. B. The Third Amendment to the Constitution. C. The Equal Pay Act. D. The Family Medical Leave Act.

A. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.

In the United States, immigrants are more likely that non-immigrants to start their own business, having been responsible for 30 percent of small business growth. A. True B. False

A. True

Some women and persons of color have spoken out against affirmative action, preferring to achieve personal success without receiving preferential treatment. A. True B. False

A. True

The proportion of working women that have told researchers they have been sexually harassed on the job is between 40 and 70 percent. A. True B. False

A. True

The term diversity refers to variation in the important human characteristics that distinguish people from one another. A. True B. False

A. True

Under the Family Medical Leave Act, companies that employ 50 or more people must grant unpaid, job-protected leaves for up to 12 weeks to employees with serious family needs, including the birth or adoption of a baby. A. True B. False

A. True

Workforce diversity represents both a challenge and an opportunity for businesses. A. True B. False

A. True

Japanese firms pay their employees on the _____ curve, a slowly rising wage scale based largely on seniority that allows for small differentials based on ability and provides a comfortable income fitting various stages. A. nenko B. karoshi C. kaizen D. salaryman

A. nenko

In Japanese industries, a community firm is a company that: A. operates on a model analogous to a family. B. avoids hinted promises of job tenure. C. consolidated into national entities with deeply antagonistic goals. D. is owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefits.

A. operates on a model analogous to a family.

The term pay gap refers to the inequitable concentration of a group, such as minorities or women, in a particular job category. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following is a Japanese word denoting death from the stress of overwork? A. Maquiladora B. Karoshi C. Nenko D. Datsusara

B. Karoshi

Which statement below best describes how American society is changing regarding its structure? A. The number of worker s involved in manufacturing is increasing dramatically. B. The percentage of workers employed in the goods-producing sector is declining. C. The agricultural sector employs the largest number of Americans. D. There is a drastic declines in the number of employees in the service sector.

B. The percentage of workers employed in the goods-producing sector is declining.

Which of the following terms is used to describe an agreement where an employee exchanges labor for specific pay and working conditions? A. nondisclosure agreement. B. employment contract. C. yellow-dog contract. D. compromise agreement

B. employment contract.

The main goal of legislating employees' rights ti unionize was to A. overthrow privately owned businesses could be owned by employees. B. level the playing field in negotiations between employers and employees through collective bargaining. C. nationalize industry. D. create a socialist utopia in the United States.

B. level the playing field in negotiations between employers and employees through collective bargaining.

According to research, labor markets that are heavily regulated by the government generally result in A. a more skilled labor force. B. longer unemployment cycles. C. bigger firms. D. Companies investing more in new technology.

B. longer unemployment cycles.

Which statement below best describes the common-law principal that governs the employer-employee relationship in the United States? A. It says that when a conflict arises between an employee and employer, the employee's viewpoint should be considered. B. It holds that employers and employees can end their agreement subject ti predetermined conditions. C. It holds that employer and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts. D. It allows the employee to work for the employer's and his/her benefit.

C. It holds that employer and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts.

Which of the following is an argument against affirmative action? A. It costs American businesses too much money. B. There are no mechanisms in place to verify that it is actual marketplace. C. It is inconsistent with the principles of fairness and equality. D. It violates individuals' basic human rights.

C. It is inconsistent with the principles of fairness and equality.

The doctrine of liberty of contract: A. entails government subsidy of salaries for workers who lacked enough work. B. creates more jobs by mandating shorter hours, forcing companies to hire more people to maintain output. C. allows employers and employees to negotiate their wages, hours, duties, and conditions with limited government interference. D. requires regular employees to remain with the firm.

C. allows employers and employees to negotiate their wages, hours, duties, and conditions with limited government interference.

What is the term used to describe the four fundamental standards established by international labor conventions to protect basic worker rights? A. second New Deal laws B. agency worker rights C. core labor standards D. fair labor standards

C. core labor standards

Manufacturing, mining, and construction are a part of the _____ sector. A. agricultural B. service C. goods-producing D. agrarian

C. goods-producing

Which model is considered an industry-labor-government cooperation where the government strongly regulates the labor market to insure rights and benefits for workers? A. surplus labor B. community firm C. social welfare D. macroeconomic

C. social welfare

Which of the following government rules on equal treatment of employees does not apply to business? A. Discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability or age is prohibited in all employment practices. B. Government contractors must have written positive affirmative action plans to overcomes the past and present effects of discrimination in their workforce. C. Women and men must receive equal pay for performing. D. Affirmative action plans must be permanent.

D. Affirmative action plans must be permanent.

A survey of hiring managers indicated that millennial's were: A. More technologically adept than their seniors. B. Narcissistic and hard to retain. C. Expected to stay in their jobs less than three years. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

The growing diversity in the U.S. workforce is due to: A. Millennial entering the workforce. B. Immigration from other countries. C. Shifting patterns of work and retirement. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Which of these statements is (are) true regarding sexual harassment? A. Most sexual harassment incidents target women. B. Sexual harassment is illegal in the United States. C. The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is empowered to sue on behalf of victims. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Companies can combat sexual and racial harassment - and protect themselves form expensive lawsuits - by: A. Developing a zero-tolerance policy on harassment and communicate it clearly to employees. B. Establishing a complaint procedure and act quickly to resolve any problems. C. Bribing employees with money to avoid a lawsuit. D. Both A and B, but not C.

D. Both A and B, but not C.

Which of these statements is true regarding women in the United States workforce? A. The percentage of working women declined slightly in 2013. B. A lack of family-friendly business policies has made it difficult for working mothers. C. The participation rates of women and men in the workforce have diverged. D. Both A and B, but not C.

D. Both A and B, but not C.

As of 2013, which of the following accurately describe(s) the pay gap for full-time working women and minorities in the United States, as compared to white men? A. On average, women and persons of color cam lower pay. B. Overall, black men earn about 75 percent more pay. C. The pay gap has decreased by about 5 percent for both Hispanic men and women. D. Both A and C, but not B.

D. Both A and C, but not B.

Which of the following is not true about occupational segregation? A. It concentrates women in traditionally female dominates. B. The pay gap in American businesses persists, in part. C. It means that women cannot get the jobs that could break the cycle of relatively low pay. D. The large pay gap for Hispanic workers partly reflects their concentration in several high-paying occupations.

D. The large pay gap for Hispanic workers partly reflects their concentration in several high-paying occupations.

Age, ethnicity, gender, mental or physical abilities, race, and sexual orientation are what dimensions of diversity?

Primary

Which ethnic group, as defined by the U.S. Census, represents the fastest-growing segment of the labor force? A. African-Americans. B. Hispanics. C. Asians. D. Native Americans.

C. Asians.