Business Exam 2

According to Theory X, workers _____ their work.

dislike every facet of

is the process of dividing the work and assigning tasks to workers.

division of labor

Based on the expectancy theory, managers who want to motivate their employees should:

do all of the above

Human resource management is the process of _____ people in order to achieve organizational goals.

doing all of the above

is the gap between what is and what is required.

a need

The belief behind employee ownership is the idea that it will:

cause employees to act more like partners than clock watchers

Profit sharing, gain sharing, and stock options are all forms of variable pay.

true

Technical skills are usually utilized at the lower levels of the organization.

true

The ability to work with people and be sensitive to worker's needs are examples of human relations skills.

true

One of the advantages of the matrix structure is:

all of these

Which of the following is a type of on-the-job training?

apprenticeship

Among managers there are three distinctive leadership styles. They are:

autocratic, participative, and free-rein

Which of the following is NOT one of the four functions of management?

budgeting

The equity theory is concerned with:

how fairly a worker is treated compared to coworkers

is the process of hiring, developing, motivating, and evaluating people in order to achieve organizational goals.

human resource management

According to Herzberg, _____ factors must be present to prevent work dissatisfaction, but these factors cannot serve as a source of satisfaction or motivation.

hygiene

The three basic levels of the managerial hierarchy are:

top, middle, and supervisory

Training workers by changing and varying jobs is called job rotation.

true

A company that is experimenting with flextime, telecommuting, and job sharing is interested in:

work-scheduling options needed to retain quality employees

Which of the following is a type of off-the-job training?

Programmed instruction

is the horizontal expansion of an employee's job.

job enlargement

is the process of guiding and motivating others toward the achievement of organizational goals.

leadership

is the process of guiding the development, maintenance, and allocation of resources needed to attain organizational goals.

management

The managerial hierarchy is also called the:

management pyramid

According to Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory, the most important motivator in the workplace is:

money

Division of labor refers to:

the process to dividing work into separate jobs

In a(n) ______ shop, the worker does not have to join the union but must pay dues to cover union expenses.

agency

The original Hawthorne studies were set up to study:

lightning

According to _____, workers respond to attention from superiors, and they like their opinions to be valued.

the Hawthorne effect

The _____ style of management is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes that the average person dislikes work, will try to avoid work, prefers to be directed, avoids responsibility, and wants security above all else.

theory X

A labor union is an organization that represents workers in their disputes with management over wages, hours, and working conditions.

true

Arranging a firm's human and material resources to carry out plans is called organizing.

true

Motivation is basically a need-satisfying process.

true

According to Herzberg, to keep a worker satisfied or motivated, the manager should:

give recognition to employee

The three basic roles of management are:

interpersonal, decisional, informational

A _____ is a study of the tasks required to do a particular job well.

job analysis

A _____ is an organization of employees formed to represent workers in their disputes with management over wages, hours, and working conditions.

job bank

is the expansion of the number of tasks and variety of tasks performed by a worker.

job enlargement

is the redesign of a job to provide workers with more authority, responsibility, challenge, and the opportunity for more personal achievement is called:

job enrichment

Which two different leadership styles use empowerment?

laissez-faire and participative

The relatively consistent pattern of behavior that characterizes a leader is called his or her _____ style.

leadership

According to Theory Y, workers _____ their work.

like delegation and responsibility in

managers are the managers concerned with implementing the plans and policies of top managers and supervising lower-level managers.

middle

Cross-functional teams are made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level but different functional areas within the organization.

true

Leadership is the process of guiding and motivating others toward the achievement of organizational goals.

true

Theory X managers view their workers as untrustworthy and unmotivated.

true

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivation theory.

true

One of the basic functions of management is controlling.

true

Middle managers usually:

carry out plans and policies of top management

According to equity theory, if employees perceive that an inequity exists, they may:

change their work habits

The three types of participative leaders are:

consensual leaders, democratic leaders, and consultative leaders

As a believer in the Theory Y style of management, Stacey Lovett believes in all of the following EXCEPT:

constant and close supervision

Management needs to be prepared to deal with problems and seize opportunities as they arise. A company often identifies alternative courses of action to be taken if events undercut a strategic or tactical plan. These are called _____ plans.

contingency

Specialization refers to the:

degree to which tasks are subdivided into smaller groups

is the process of grouping jobs together so that similar or associated tasks and activities can be coordinated.

departmentalization

Top management usually performs all of the following tasks EXCEPT:

direct workers on the assembly line

In employee selection, the initial screening consists of two stages. They are the:

employment application form and the preliminary interview

A manager in a centralized organization tends to allow subordinates to assume authority and to make most of the decisions.

false

Managerial hierarchy refers to the number of subordinates overseen by each supervisor.

false

Mentoring is a form of off-the-job training.

false

Process departmentalization is a grouping of jobs by activity, such as marketing, finance, and production.

false

Collective bargaining:

is the process of negotiating labor agreements

is the vertical expansion of an employee's job.

job enrichment

One of the disadvantages of the matrix structure is:

lack of cohesiveness

proposed a theory of motivation based on universal human needs.

Abraham Maslow

involves coordinating and allocating a firm's resources so that the firm can carry out its plans and achieve its goals.

organizing

is the process of arranging the structures and relationships of human and material resources to carry out an organization's plans.

organizing

provides the structure of people, positions, departments, and activities within which the company objectives can be accomplished.

organizing

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are:

potential job dissatisfiers

Another name for the matrix structure is the:

project management approach

Which of the following is NOT a need identified in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

psychological needs

is the attempt to find and attract qualified job applicants in the external labor market.

recruitment

is the process of determining which persons in the applicant pool possess the qualifications necessary to be successful on the job.

selection

is the degree to which tasks are subdivided into smaller jobs.

specialization

The lowest level of management, which usually has the most people to manage, is called _____ management.

supervisory

Most firms have three distinguishable levels of management. They are:

supervisory, middle, and top

A grievance is a formal complaint by an employee that his or her supervisor has violated some part of the union-management contract.

true

_____ is the gap between what is and what is desired, and _____ is the gap between what is and what is required.

a want; a need

is the process of negotiating labor agreements between union members and management.

collective bargaining

The first step in controlling is to:

establish performance standards

According to Maslow's hierarchy of need, the most basic needs are the social needs.

false

Equity theory is a theory of motivation that focuses on the link between motivation and organizational culture.

false

Job enlargement means the redesign of a job to increase its responsibility and challenge.

false

The Hawthorne effect is used to describe the individual reaction and not that of the group.

false

The first two stages in the selection process are the initial contact and the preliminary interview.

false

The lowest level of management is engaged in strategic planning process.

false

The short-range, detailed planning that focuses on current operations is called functional planning.

false