Business Organization & Management Final
Talent reviews often employ the use of a(n) __________, which plots employee performance versus employee potential and provides the reviewer with non distinct options, or boxes, to categorize where the employee is.
9-box template
Andy Yocom was looking to start a small business so he could be his own boss. While golfing one day, he saw prime advertising space on the flags on the course. He has decided to call his new venture Invision Golf Group Inc. What should he include in his business plan?
All of the above
__________ are the fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States, growing 72% between 2000 and 2015.
Asians
Behavioral event interview should be conducted during which step for effective recruiting of key leadership hires?
Assess the candidates
Which of the following best describes the ability to think about things differently and adapt one's perspective?
Cognitive flexibility
_________ includes facts about income, education levels, age groups, and the ethnic and racial composition of a population.
Demographics
_________ refers to identity-based differences among and between two or more people that affect their lives as applicants, employees, and customers.
Diversity
According to the BCG Matrix, business units that are doing poorly in a low growth market are called __________.
Dogs
James is the owner of a small toy manufacturing company. James primarily focuses on the buying and selling of products using the Internet. Which of the following best describes James' business practice?
E-commerce
Which agency was created by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the primary goal of making it illegal to discriminate against someone in the workplace due to their race, national origin, sex, disability, religion, or pregnancy status?
EEOC
Which of these refers to our choices and decision-making processes and our moral principles and values that govern our behaviors regarding what is right and wrong?
Ethics
Which term describes a foreign employee who moves to and works in another country for an extended period of time?
Expatriate
Which of the following refers to the systematic examination of a firm's internal and external situation that informs managerial decision-making?
Strategic analysis
Which term describes the process that firms use to study and understand the many different layers and aspects of their competitive environment?
Strategic analysis
Which of these represents a kind of change that is necessary for an organization to achieve the focus it needs to make needed transfer missions and work it does to stay competitive in the current or larger organization, larger market environment, or societal environment?
Strategic change
_________ is (are) the big-picture goals for the company.
Strategic objectives
Which of the following describes the high-level planning performed by company executives in order to set the overall direction of the company?
Strategic planning
Which of the following SWOT factors are internal to the firm?
Strengths and weaknesses
Which is an invisible barrier based on the prejudicial beliefs that underlie organizational decisions that prevent women from moving beyond certain levels within a company?
Glass ceiling
The worldwide phenomenon whereby the countries of the world are becoming more interconnected and where trade barriers are disappearing refers to:
Globalization
________ is the technique of reorganizing to reduce friction on the team.
Structural intervention
_________ factors are characteristics of the firm itself.
Internal
__________ are entrepreneurs who apply their creativity, vision, and risk taking within a large corporation rather than starting a company of their own. They enjoy a high degree of autonomy while receiving a regular salary and financial backing from their employer.
Intrapreneurs
In 1981, __________ championed the forced-ranking system.
Jack Welch
Which of the following model of change proposed an eight-step sequence and relies on a centralized, top-down process for creating planned change?
Kotter's Change Model
Which of the following statements regarding the differences between management and leadership is NOT true?
Leaders are seen as motivating primarily through extrinsic processes while managers motivate primarily through intrinsic processes.
__________ is the process for reviewing key roles and determining the readiness levels of potential internal and external candidates to fill these roles.
Succession planning
_________ is mid-level planning that consists of broad ideas of what the company should do to pursue its mission.
Tactical planning
Which term defines the strategy for selection, recruiting, and hiring processes?
Talent acquisition
Which of these describes when people trust online reviews of their companies more than what companies communicate?
The Glassdoor Effect
Performance management can be tracked back to which of these?
The U.S. military's merit rating system
Intellectual property rights are part of which element of PESTEL?
Legal
Which of the following model of change proposed the sequence of Unfreeze, Move, Refreeze?
Lewin's Change Model
_______ is the technique of making decisions by management and without team involvement.
Managerial intervention
In which structure does an organization have multiple reporting lines of authority for employees?
Matrix structure
ABC Products has a highly vertical organizational structure that is designed to generate a high degree of standardization and control. ABC Products can be described to have which of these structures?
Mechanistic
ABC Products is interested in identifying what technological opportunities exists for their business. ABC should use which of the following strategic analysis tools?
PESTEL
Which of the following describes the only two cultural dimensions unique to the GLOBE project?
Performance orientation and humane orientation
Tariffs and trade agreements are part of which element of PESTEL?
Political
According to Hofstede, the degree to which members of a society accept differences in power and authority refers to which of these?
Power Distance
ABC Motors, a car manufacturing company, is organized in four divisions according to the four different models of the vehicle that they produce. Which of the following best describes the structure at ABC Motors?
Product structure
Which of the following describes the degree to which social benefits are unequally distributed and those patterns are perpetuated for life?
Social stratification
Demographic trends and market diversity are part of which element of PESTEL?
Sociocultural
List the components that make up the SMART framework.
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound
All of the following best practices illustrate the key steps for effective recruiting of key leadership hires EXCEPT:
Specify the compensation
Which term best describes the individuals or groups that are affected by an organization?
Stakeholders
Which country was the top recipient of FDI in 2016?
USA
What is the definition of VRIO? Briefly explain what each letter stands for and means.
VRIO is the analytical tool used to assess resources and capabilities. Valuable - Does the resource or capability generate value for the firm? Rare - Is the resource or capability rare among firms in the industry? Difficult to Imitate - Would it be difficult or expensive for other firms to imitate the resource or capability? Organized to Capture Value - Is the firm effectively organized to capture the value that this resource or capability generates?
According to Chester Barnard, ___________ is one that inspires cooperative personal decisions by creating faith in common understanding, faith in the probability of success, faith in the ultimate satisfaction of personal motives, and faith in the integrity of common purpose.
Values-based leadership
_________ is financing obtained from investment firms that specialize in financing small, high-growth companies and receive an ownership interest and a voice in management in return for their money.
Venture capital
Which of these is an expression of what a business's founders want that business to accomplish?
Vision Statement
Which is the only true global organization that deals with the rules of trade around the world?
WTO (World Trade Organization)
All of these questions are answered by the Porter's 5 Force tool EXCEPT:
What sociocultural trends provide opportunities for my business?
The managerial grid developed by Blake and Mouton suggests:
a high concern for production and people is universally the most effective
The first step in starting your own business is:
a self-assessment
The knowledge, skills, and receptiveness to learning that an individual brings to a task or job refers to:
ability
Responses such as perspective taking, creating solutions, expressing emotions, and reaching out are considered ___________ responses to conflict.
active and constructive
Which of the following is (are) team paradox(es)?
all of these
Jeff Arnold and Reggie Bradford created WebMD, and Internet provider of health care information. Early in the development of this high-growth company, Arnold and Bradford attracted a group of investors who provided them with money needed to acquire other Internet companies with similar missions. The investment group is called:
angel investors
If a manager warned an employee not to be late for work again or they would be released, the manager was using:
avoidance learning
Which of the following patterns best reflects the planning process?
awareness——>set goals——>premises——>determine course of action——>develop support plans
Which of the following pairs of leader behaviors is not part of the behavioral approach to leadership?
boss centered vs. subordinate centered
Mark Ghermizian had quit his job and was looking to start a small business so he could be his own boss. When he read that people spend up to fifteen minutes every day staring at a bathroom stall door, he decided he would find advertisers who wanted to pay to have their advertising messages on bathroom stall doors. Since he has his idea, Ghermizian's next step is to:
choose a form of business organization
As a manager, which of the following would be most helpful in distinguishing both intensity and direction components of motivation?
clarification of role perception
When Art Baer read that Singapore would lift its ban on chewing gum, he thought to himself, there has to be a market there. Baer, 26, knew if he was going to move beyond the daydreaming stage, he had to move fast. After investing $20,000 of his own money into developing a product he called Impress Gum, Baer quit his job, flew to Singapore, talked to the right people in the government, lined up a manufacturer, and hired a marketing firm to promote his gum, which fights tooth decay. Baer is an example of a _________ entrepreneur.
classic
Generally speaking, motivation arises inside people as a consequence of:
cognitive dissonance and unmet needs
According to the Harvard Business Review article, in managing multicultural teams, all of these cultural differences can cause destructive conflicts in a team EXCEPT:
cognitive versus social identity issues
A firm's _________ environment includes components inside the firm and outside the firm.
competitive
Goal theory states people will perform better if they have all of the following EXCEPT:
conflicting goals
When power or influence within an organization flow to individuals or leaders who have the ability to help and organization or group handle challenges, the leadership influence is one based on:
critical contingencies
The coal system for a coal-fired electrical generating station at Detroit Edison uses a computer to monitor the flow of pulverized coal into the burning chamber and the computers speed up or reduce the flow as necessary to maintain adequate fuel supplies. This is an example of what type of control?
cybernetic
The two forms of business financing are _________ (borrowed funds) and _________ (ownership funds).
debt; equity
The intention to exert effort in order to achieve a goal or target refers to what component of motivation?
direction
A Theory X leader would be more likely to exercise which of the following leadership styles?
directive autocrat
Which method for setting goals will usually NOT result in the highest performance?
do your best
Michael is a senior in high school and wants to major in a business-related class when he goes to college. Michael plans to select a variety of courses from the School of Business curriculum yet not select a major. After selecting courses based upon availability and interest he earns a sufficient number of credits within this chosen area that enables him to graduate with a major in marketing. Michael has engaged in:
domain planning
At BAC Toys, employees go through hiring and on boarding, to performance management and talent development, all the way through to transitions such as job change and promotion, to retirement and exit. This is called ________.
employee life cycle.
Andy Yocom saw prime advertising space on the flags on the golf course. He reasoned that any marketing messages would get prominent attention if they were placed on the flags since golfers focus on them when they take their shots. As a result, Yocom used his own initiative and money to start Invision Golf Group Inc. Yocom is an example of a(n):
entrepreneur
Which of the following is NOT an activity of strategic management process?
establish compensation for performance
The traditional control model is best reflected by which of the following processes?
establish standards——>monitor activity/results——>comparison of results to standards——>evaluation
Which of the following is considered the most integrative theory or motivation?
expectancy
The WTO's most important functions are all of these EXCEPT:
financing the infrastructure development projects in less developed countries
The skills, knowledge, and experience of an individual or group and its value to an organization refers to _________.
human capital
All of these elements make teams function EXCEPT:
identical skills
The University or Michigan studies identified additional behaviors believed to be associated with effective leadership and concluded:
it is the leader's job to make sure that support, work facilitation, and goal emphasis are present in the group.
All of the following would be considered a substitute for leadership EXCEPT:
low position power
McClelland's research focused on several needs in depth and has been incorporated into present day thinking about organizational behavior. Which of the following is a need that McClelland DID NOT research?
need for growth
McClelland has argued that the most important motivator for successful managers is:
need for social power
The human motivation model that states people are affected by the outcomes they receive for their inputs based on a comparison of the outcomes and inputs of other people is called:
operant conditioning
Plans have which of the following basic components?
outcome and action statements
Marc Adler is the owner of Macquarium, a multimillion-dollar communications company that does everything from video productions to creating Web sites to public relations campaigns. Macquarium has done this sort of work for BellSouth and SnapOn Tools. Even though these companies could have prepared their videos and created their Web sites in-house, these tasks were:
outsourced
Which leadership theory states that the challenge facing leaders is first to analyze the situation and identify the most appropriate style of leadership and then to develop the capacity to be flexible enough to use different leadership styles as appropriate?
path-goal approach to leadership
All of the following are key components of expectancy theory EXCEPT:
performance-effort expectancy
A Theory Y leader would likely tend to exhibit which of the following leadership styles?
permissive democratic
A common use of a business plan is to:
persuade lenders and investors to finance the venture
According to Katzenbach and Smith, all of the following practices makes a team effective EXCEPT:
selecting members for their personality, not for their skill and skill potential
According to the ERG theory, all of the following would be opportunities for growth EXCEPT:
social recognition
The plan that integrates, guides, and serves as a basis for controlling organizational activities for the immediate and long-range future, plus establishes boundaries for managerial decision making is called:
strategic plan
ABC Products is good at marketing it's sports products. This describes ABC's
strengths
Weber proposed all of these elements of bureaucracy that serve as a foundation for determining an appropriate structure EXCEPT:
structural change
Suppose that an organization decides to switch from a five-day forty-hour workweek to a four-day forty-hour workweek. This major plan would require:
supportive plans
The major implication for managers from Manifest Need Theory is:
that some employee needs are latent
A way to assess the effects of planned action with a way to view continuous improvement by integrating organizational learning into the planning process is:
the Deming Cycle
All of the following are common characteristics of a successful control system EXCEPT:
the control system should focus on issues of importance
Operant conditioning focuses on:
the learning of voluntary behaviors
Organizational planning will be most beneficial when:
the market is complex and unstable
All of the following are key components of the leadership process EXCEPT:
the vision statement
All of the following are characteristics of an entrepreneurial personality EXCEPT:
the willingness to be a follower rather than a leader
When Sally assesses the external competitive environment facing her firm, she labels anything that would make it harder for her firm to be successful as a(n) _________.
threats
Managerial implications for the (Self Determination Theory) SDT theory include:
to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards
When organizations face a turbulent environment, intense competition, and the need to move fast, the most appropriate leadership would be:
transactional
The type of leadership most appropriate when major changes are needed in an organization would be:
transformational
A firm's ________ is the progression of activities it undertakes to create a product or service that consumers will pay for.
value chain
While a firm's ________ is a general statement about its values, a firm's ________ is more specific.
vision statement; mission statement
Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience all of the following types of situations EXCEPT:
where there are high group goals
The relationship between leader behavior and follower behavior can best be characterized as:
while the effectiveness of leader behavior is determined by follower characteristics or expectations it has also been found that follower behavior determines leader behavior
Expectancy theory states that people:
will choose the effort level that results in the maximum amount of positively valued outcomes
Which of the following leadership profiles describe the degree to which the leader can inspire and motivate others, according to the GLOBE project?
Charismatic
Compared to ________% in 1977, the labor force participation rate for men is now approximately ________% and is expected to decrease through 2024 to ________%.
59; 53; 52
Match the diversity theory with its correct description. Diversity theories: 1. Suggests that multiple perspectives stemming from the cultural differences between group or organizational members result in creative problem solving and innovation. 2. Refers to differences between team members in characteristics such as expertise, experiences, and perspectives. 3. This theory suggests that people use categorization to simplify and cope with large amounts of information. These categories allow us to quickly and easily compartmentalize data, and people are often categorized by their visible characteristics, such as race, sex, and age. 4. Suggests that when we first come into contact with others, we categorize them as belonging to an in-group or an out-group. 5. Explains how individuals encode information about others based on their demographic characteristics.
1. Cognitive Diversity Hypthesis 2. Cognitive Diversity 3. Social Cognitive Theory 4. Social Identity Theory 5. Schema Theory
List the 4 phases (stages) of the organizational life cycle.
1. Entrepreneurship phase 2. Survival and early success 3. Sustained success or maturity 4. Renewal or decline
Match each stage of Tuckman's Stages of Group Development with its correct description. 1. This stage is known as the "polite stage". It's mainly focused on similarities and the group looks to the leader for structure and direction. 2. This stage is known as the "win-lose" stage. Members tend to clash for control of the group and people begin to choose sides. 3. With this stage buy-in to group goals occur. 4. In this stage, the team is completely self-directed and requires little management direction. The team has confidence, pride, and enthusiasm, and there is a congruence of vision, team, and self. 5. Cassandra is part of a team at ABC Products. She finds that her team is establishing and maintaining ground rules and boundaries, and there is willingness to shared responsibility and control. Cassandra's team can be described as operating at which stage of group development?
1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Norming
Match each leadership power with its correct description. 1. The power a person has because people believe that he or she can bestow rewards or outcomes, such as money or recognition that others desire. 2. The power a person has because people believe that he or she can punish them by inflicting pain or by withholding or taking away something that they value. 3. The power a person has because others believe that he or she possesses the "right" to influence them and that they ought to obey. 4. The power a person has because others believe that he or she is willing to share expert knowledge that they need. 5. The power a person has because others want to associate with or be accepted by him or her.
1. Reward power 2. Coercive power 3. Legitimate power 4. Expert power 5. Referent power
In the book HR From the Outside In, the authors describe the evolution of HR work in "waves". Match the correct wave with the corresponding description. Questions: 1. In _________, HR continues to be a partner to the business, but has also become a competitive practice for responding to external business conditions. 2. The administrative work of HR personnel, such as the terms and conditions of work, delivery of HR services, and regulatory compliance were the focus. 3. The integration of HR strategy with the overall business strategy has been the focus. 4. __________ focused on the design of innovative HR practice areas such as compensation, learning, communication, and sourcing.
1. Wave 4 2. Wave 1 3. Wave 3 4. Wave 2
A 2015 McKinsey report on public companies found that those in the top quartile for ethnic and racial diversity in management were _______% more likely to have financial returns above their industry mean, and those in the top quartile for gender diversity were _______% more likely to have returns above the industry mean.
35; 15
An evaluation tool that collects feedback from manager, peers, direct reports, and customers is called _________.
360 assessment
Which act prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies, and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities?
ADA of 1990
When Suzanne wanted to learn about the law that protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age, she should read up on which of the following?
ADEA of 1967
_________ discrimination is a catchall term that describes when people are denied employment opportunities because of their identity group or personal characteristics such as sex, race, age, or other factors.
Access
Which of the following remains the world's dominant religion, representing around 31% of the world's population?
Christianity
According to research, which of the following is true about the relationship between diversity in managers and innovation?
At companies with diverse management teams, openness to contributions from lower-level workers and an environment in which employees feel free to speak their minds are crucial for fostering innovation
Which of the following best describes eBay's business model?
B2C
________ is a process in which the performance standard is based on another firm's superior performance.
Benchmarking
According to experts, hiring discrimination against ________ has not declined over the past 25 years while workplace discrimination against other racial minority groups has declined.
Blacks
Which of the following terms illustrates that the decision making process is limited with incomplete information as well as our capacity to process all the information?
Bounded Rationality
Which of the following represents the framework a firm uses to organize its activities, developed by the firm's top managers and includes examples such as cost leadership and differentiation?
Business-level strategy
Which of these describes a belief that corporations have a social responsibility beyond pure profit?
CSR
According to the BCG Matrix, business units that have high market share but are in a market that is not growing are called ________.
Cash Cows
Which of the following refers to the scenario when an organization concentrates resources in only one or very few locations, or only a few individuals are authorized to make decisions about the use of resources?
Centralization
Which of these describes someone who creates a new ethical norm?
Corporate leader
Which of the following represents the broadest level of strategy, and is concerned with decisions about growing, maintaining, or shrinking very large companies?
Corporate strategy
Which of the following refers to individual's capabilities to function and manage effectively in culturally diverse settings?
Cultural intelligence
Which of the following represents one of the most difficult kinds of changes to create within an organizational system?
Culture change
Which of the following describes the action or process of thinking through possible options and selecting one?
Decision-Making
Interest rates and exchange rates are part of which element of PESTEL?
Economic
Which of the following defines those markets in non-developed countries that present tremendous potential for multinationals?
Emerging Markets
___________ is the ability to recognize, understand, pay attention to, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.
Emotional intelligence
Michael is known for his ability to understand other people's emotions, and he has a genuine interest in doing so. Michael can be rated high on which of these elements?
Empathy
World at Work defines a total rewards strategy as the six elements of total rewards that collectively define an organization's strategy to attract, motivate, retain and engage employees. Which of the following is NOT an element of this total rewards?
Employee life cycle
Samantha, manager at ABC International, is facing situations and predicaments in which there is not an optimal or desired choice to be made between two options, neither of which solves her issue or delivers an opportunity that is ethical. Samantha can be described as facing which of these?
Ethical Dilemma
When a leader is not able to see inconsistencies among values he says he follows; it refers to which of these symptoms of the failure of ethical leadership?
Ethical incoherence
_________ factors are things in the global environment that may impact a firm's operations or success, examples are a rise in interest rates, or a natural disaster.
External
Which legislation established the minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards?
FLSA of 1938
_________ entitles eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave in a 12-month period for specified family and medical reasons.
FMLA of 1993
Ethics is related to influencing behaviors to act in accordance to the law or face consequences referred to as a stick approach.
False
Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?
Heuristic
All of the following are key questions managers have to think about when in the planning mode EXCEPT:
How they will do it?
___________ is at the core of most business failures.
Inadequate planning
__________ represents the degree to which employees are accepted and treated fairly by their organization.
Inclusion
Which of these is referred to as the invisible network of interpersonal relationships that shape how people actually connect with one another to carry out their activities?
Informal organization
As a manager your organization is constantly confronted with a variety of changes in the market or a wide range of situations. You have to recruit and select a manager for a group of employees responsible for several related products. You have just read about Fiedler's Contingency model and decided to use the LPC score to aid you in selecting a leader for the management group. You have interviewed four candidates for the job (Erin, Josh, Michael, Tabitha) and the scores for each of the candidates were Erin=high LPC, Josh=moderately high LPC, Michael=middle LPC, Tabitha=low LPC. Which of the candidates would you hire?
Michael
__________ technique requires that one team member to assume the role where she or he extracts buried disagreements within the team and sheds the light of day on them. They must have the courage and confidence to call out sensitive issues and force team members to work through them.
Mining
Which of these takes the why of a vision statement and gives a broad description of how the firm will try to make its vision a reality?
Mission statement
Which of the following statements regarding needs is most true?
Needs provide direction in the motivation process
Which term describes a system for accomplishing and connecting the activities that occur within a work organization?
Organizational structure
Buying a house can be described as which of these?
Nonprogrammed decision
___________ refers to the field of ethics concerned with our asking how should and ought we live and act.
Normative ethics
Which of the following SWOT factors are external to the firm?
Opportunities and threats
XY Products has a horizontal organizational structure with many individuals across the company empowered to make organizational decisions. XY Products can be described to have which of these structures?
Organic
________ refers to the constant shifts that occur within an organizational system.
Organizational change
Which of the following describes the process of setting up organizational structures to address the needs of an organization and account for the complexity involved in accomplishing business objectives?
Organizational design
Which of the following represents the label for a field that specializes in change management?
Organizational development
Which system is quick, impulsive, and intuitive, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next?
Reactive
When Jermain is facing novel and complex situations, which decision making system would be better?
Reflective
Which system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical?
Reflective
The research evidence on the effect of MBO is best reflected by which of the following statements?
The effects of MBO appear to be dependent on the appropriate context
List and describe at least 5 out of the 7 ethical principles.
The seven ethical principles are Utilitarianism, Universalism, Rights, Justice, Virtue, The Common Good, and Ethical Relativism. Ethical Relativism - morality The Common Good - focuses on actions that benefit everyone Virtue - character-based ethics Justice - focuses on actions that are fair Universalism - the end justifies the means
Being honest is not simply telling the truth and avoiding deceitful behaviors; it requires leaders to be as open as possible and to describe reality fully, accurately, and in sufficient detail.
True
According to Professor Jay A. Conger, Professor at Canada's McGill University, the major forces for the next generation of leaders will be:
global competitiveness and diversity
Kristan, a freshman in college, has decided that she wants a Bachelor of Science degree in biochemistry. She then constructs a four-year academic plan that will make this goal a reality. Kristan is engaging in:
goal planning
The two primary goal characteristics that enhance the motivating power of goals are:
goal specificity and goal difficulty
A dysfunction in decision-making that occurs in homogeneous groups as a result of group pressures and group members' desire for conformity and consensus is called _________.
groupthink
A firm's _________ environment contains elements that can impact the firm but are generally beyond its direct control. These elements are characteristics of the world at large and are factors that all businesses must contend with, regardless of the industry they are in or type of business they are.
macro
When United Airlines considered putting pilots in its boardroom and when Northwest Airlines provided their workers an employee ownership system, they were:
making action statements as part of their planning
All of the following are determinants of individual performance in organizations EXCEPT:
market competition
When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail but couldn't find anyone to teach her because men were the ones who sailed and women were the crew. She finally convinced someone to teach her to sail, and after mastering sailing, she started an all-women sailing school called Womanship. Pogell started small and plans to stay small. She would be correctly called a(n):
micropreneur
Michael Bronner made a killing in the direct marketing business as the cofounder and CEO of Bronner Slosberg Humphrey, a wildly successful direct-marketing firm. His newest venture, Upromise Inc., enlists some of America's largest corporations to help families pay for college and is extremely successful. The 40-year-old Bronner will more than likely start at least one more new company before he retires because Bronner is a(n):
multipreneur