busm 2011 final

Affective commitment

positive emotional attachment to the organization and strong identification with its values and goals employee stays because she wants to

Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation vs. short-term normative orientation, indulgence vs. restraint

Normative commitment

feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons employee stays because she believes it would be wrong to leave

Halsey Ashley works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Halsey goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Halsey's anger?

An emotion

You're a manager at a small, solar panel company. You have elected to utilize the goal-setting theory as your primary motivation tool. You know that for the goals to have the biggest positive impact on motivation, they must be:

- Aligned with reward systems - Created with input from the employee - Tend to the goals of the work unit

What policies or practices could a leader or manager implement to help employee experience better emotions and moods in the workplace?

- Give employees regular feedback - Incorporate exercises that focus on positive self-reflection - Hire applicants that are high on emotional intelligence

What outcomes are associated with high levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment?

- More creativity - More psychological well-being

Transformational leaders enhance performance of employees by _____.

Helping develop their followers' skills

Factors that increase cohesiveness include all EXCEPT:

Heterogeneous composition

If I love my job as a florist but hate the company I work for, I probably have...

High job satisfaction and low organizational commitment

In addition to narcissism, Jeff Bezos would most likely score________

High on neuroticism

Smaller groups and teams are related to...

Higher levels of motivation

Jim has the ability to balance anxiety, fear, and anger and still get the job done. Jim possesses which component of emotional intelligence?

Managing emotions

Employees high on this need prefer working on challenging tasks or projects, with personal responsibility and feedback

Need for achievement

Jane is relatively calm, poised, and secure. Jane's boss is more excitable, insecure, and reactive. Jane and her boss differ in their level of which personality trait described in the Big 5 framework?

Neuroticism

Which of the following statements regarding leadership is true?

None of the four listed answer choices

Which personality traits have positive relationships with teamwork ratings.

Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness

Which of the following pairs include two traits that both contribute to leadership effectiveness?

Openness to experience and IQ

power distance index (PDI)

high: acceptance of a hierarchal order in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification low: people strive to equalize the distribution of power and demand justification for inequalities of power

Employees high in satisfaction are likely to be absent (true/false)

false

Investing now in developing your organizational behavior (OB) skills will do all of the following EXCEPT

help you to improve your technical skills.

I love my job but hate my employer

high job satisfaction & low organizational commitment

Which of the following differentiates between formal and informal groups?

Formal groups involve clearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined

Enactive mastery

Gaining experience with the task or job (e.g. do one)

Which term refers to the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information?

General mental ability

The use of work teams benefits organization by _____.

Generating a potential for creating greater outputs

Group decision making can have several flaws. The Real Housewives of Atlanta are making a group decision. Which of the following should NOT BE used to improve their decision:

Groupthink

According to Fielder's model, when a situation is very unfavorable a ____ leader will be more effective and when a situation is very favorable a _____ leader is more effective.

Task-oriented; task-oriented

Which of the following statements about teams is true?

Teams that spend more time socializing tend to perform better

Which of the following, if true, would most support the conclusion that Kyle Cooper (CEO of Cooper Mills) is a transformational leader?

The goals that Kyle sets for Cooper Mills tend to be very ambitious and to hold personal value for employees

Artifacts

The physical manifestation of the culture including open offices, awards, ceremonies, and formal lists of values

Espoused values and norms

The preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization

Work should be performed by an individual instead of a team if ______.

The work is simple and does not require diverse input

What is the main reason Maslow's theory is criticized?

There is little research evidence that needs are structured in a hierarchy

What evidence best describes the importance of job attitudes for managers?

They give warnings of potential problems

Assumptions

Those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture

As a management consultant, you have a client whose employees have told you that their manager motivates them by rewarding them for desired performance and reprimanding them for undesired performance. This manager has the characteristics of a ____ leader.

Transactional

uncertainty avoidance index (UAI)

high: maintains rigid codes of belief and behavior and are intolerant of unorthodox behavior and ideas low: societies maintain a more relaxed attitude in which practice counts more than principles

In Path Goal Theory which type of leadership involves leaders consulting with subordinates about issues and taking their suggestions into account before making a decision?

participative

In Path Goal Theory which type of leadership involves leaders being friendly and showing concern for subordinates' status, well-being and needs?

supportive

Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's dimensions?

Conscientiousness

Managers should be careful when using ____ to achieve desired behavior. It can create a very unpleasant work environment and negative culture in an organization.

- Negative reinforcement - Punishment

Which of the following is true about the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation?

- People with a high need for achievement are not necessarily good managers because they prefer to be rewarded for individual rather than group performance - Those with a high need for power desire to have influence and control - People with high need for affiliation avoid conflict

Which of the following statement about personality are true?

- Personality traits are the enduring tendencies to feel, think, and act in certain ways - Tendency of a manager to feel distressed and to be critical of himself/herself and others is called neuroticism

Bobbie Sue called Billy Bob a name and threw an eraser at his head. The two were engaged in _____ conflict.

Dysfunctional conflict

Which of the following statements is correct about the MTBI?

All of these: - It is popular in businesses, even today - It is a good tool for team bonding & discussion - It is not predictive of job performance

All of the following are symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT

A lack of idea promotion from the group leader

I want to stay, I have to stay, I should stay. These three ideas capture the meaning behind the three types of commitments, as listed in corresponding order:

Affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment

Rachel walks into class and feels a sense of panic when she realizes that she forgot to study for the exam that was about to start.

Alarm

What type of subcultures exist in organizations? - engineers - executives - marketing - finance - all of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements about strong cultures are true? - A strong culture can be bad for organizational performance if it's a culture of fear - Strong cultures can lead to groupthink - Strong cultures push employees to engage in behaviors that reinforce the firm's values, regardless of whether they are good or bad - All of the above

All of the above

Our brains are imperfect. Some evidence of this is:

All of the above (bounded rationality, we end up making satisficing decisions, and we are susceptible to visual illusion)

Personality affects which of the following? - If we will be a good manager - How long we stay with an employer - Job satisfaction - Job performance - All of these

All of these

Understanding organizational behavior helps managers achieve organizational effectiveness because they gain a better understanding of... - How to predict employee behavior in given situations - Gaining insights to improve managers' people skills - Empowering their employees - Stimulating innovation in their employees - All of these

All of these

Which of the following steps can be taken by a manager to minimize groupthink?

Assign everyone the role of devil's advocate

All of the following are methods managers can utilize to promote employee job satisfaction except which one?

Assume high performers are satisfied in their job

The third step of the rational decision-making approach is determining the decision type. What can go wrong in...

Assuming a programmed decision is non-programmed can lead to "reinventing the wheel"

Vicarious modeling

Becoming more confident because you see someone else doing the task (e.g. see one)

In the administrative model of decision making, when the number of possible alternatives to a decision is so large that the manager cannot possibly evaluate all of them before making a decision, which of the following has occurred?

Bounded rationality

Danny used to love his job, but after working long hours for the last few months he has started dreading going to work in the morning and feels tired all the time

Burnout

What's the greatest weapon against stress according to William James?

Choosing our thoughts

Which term is used to describe the extent to which a group is committed to staying together?

Cohesiveness

John, a manager for a large, over-priced electronics store, has a tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering. What trait does this describe?

Conscientiousness

Which of the following is a way to bring the opinions of distant experts together and is useful when experts are physically dispersed, anonymity is desired, or the participants are known to have trouble communicating with one another because of extreme differences of opinion?

Delphi technique

The data suggest that women tend to be more _____ in their leadership style whereas men tend to be more _____.

Democratic; Autocratic

As the clock moved closer to the meeting's start time, Steve realized that there was no way he could get the report his boss needed for the meeting done on time.

Distress

Which of these can benefit a group?

Task conflict

A fast-food worker smiling and telling you that it was a pleasure to serve you when they actually are feeling angry about serving you (and because their boss makes them say this) is an example of...

Emotional labor

Which of the following is not true concerning emotions?

Emotions are neutral factors in organizational behavior

The problems leaders face when their employees telecommute include all of the following except:

Employees have to be at work during core time

All of the following are benefits of telecommuting except:

Employees miss the interaction of the workplace

Researchers have been concerned about job satisfaction because it acts as an indication of employees' psychological well-being. What could be another reason?

Employees that are high in satisfaction are more likely to exhibit safe behaviors in the workplace

Which of the following statements about path goal theory and its components is NOT true?

Employees with a strong internal locus of control will probably prefer a directive leadership style

Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining personal relevant experience with a particular task or job?

Enactive mastery

As Ben walks into the office on his first day on the job he feels both excited and stressed.

Eustress

If I practice my free throws more, will my free throw shooting improve in the game? If my free throw shooting improves will I have a shot as a team MVP? How important is it to me to be team MVP?

Expectancy, Instrumentality, Valence

____ involves reducing or eliminating unwanted behavior, by eliminating whatever is reinforcing it

Extinction

Sonia Soans observed that one of the groups she manages came to consensus on a complex decision very quickly. However, when asked to present their views, the group members were not too confident. From this scenario, we can say that this group experienced _______.

Groupthink

The design and engineering team of Gunky Motors came to such a quick agreement on a decision, that they ignored negative focus group feedback and market research date. This decision-making process is called:

Groupthink

Telecommuting involves all of the following except:

Higher pay for working under special conditions

When it comes to team decision making, what do we know to be true? I. Team members might use the nominal group technique to engage in brainstorming II. Devil's advocates in a team can create groupthink III. Groups always make better, faster decisions than individuals IV. There is no "I" in Team

I and IV

When it comes to team decision making, what else do we know to be true? I. Groupthink is useful for increasing cohesiveness in groups II. Conformity creates greater levels of groupthink than deviance III. Venture teams are always geographically dispersed and communicate with telecommunications IV. Teams are larger than groups

II only

Which is NOT one of the most common types of teams listed in the text?

Intra-organizational

The following terms have a negative relationship with counterproductive work behaviors.

Job satisfaction Positive emotions Agreeableness

According to Fiedler, which aspect of the model is fixed?

Leadership style

Arousal

Leads to an energized state driving person to complete task (e.g. being put "on the spot")

All of the following are benefits of teams EXCEPT

Lower self-reinforcement

In dealing with the work-related activities of people, managers must have an understanding of all of the following except:

MTBI profile of each worker

There are several distinctions between management and leadership. These distinctions include all of the following EXCEPT:

Management is more important in regard to creating and directing change

What are some of the challenges in changing to a team-based organization? Select all that apply.

Managerial role confusion/frustration Managers feel more useless Employees resist the change Cumbersome and lengthy team development process

The classical model of decision making assumes that:

Managers have access to all the information they need to make the optimum decision

Which of the following must be avoided if one wants to create and maintain an effective team?

None of the four answer choices listed

Which of the following is NOT a facet of organizational behavior and human resource management? - Developing incentives to motivate employees - Creating programs to develop employees' skills - Developing incentives to retain employees - Attracting high quality employees - None of these

None of these

Tim was leading the client services division of AmWeb for 7 years when he was asked to move to another region where the company was setting up its office. Before moving, Tim was asked to help in finish a successor for him from his team. Tim's most obvious choice was Judy, and the management accepted his choice, as Judy was a popular person across the company. Judy was known for her vivacious nature, was often seen speaking to employees from various divisions, and was always excited to take up a new opportunity. Which two traits that are predictive of leadership does Judy have?

Openness to experience and extraversion

Dennis Rodman diving for a loose ball to help his team is an example of...

Organizational citizenship behavior

Which leadership theory is based on the expectancy theory of motivation?

Path-goal

What did we learn from the Dan Ariely video on the decoy bias (the example was a trip to Rome with or without coffee versus a trip to Paris)?

People allow an unacceptable third option to influence their choice between two other acceptable options

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals

The erroneous stereotype is that women tend to be more _____ in their leadership style whereas men tend to be more _____.

Relationship-oriented; Task oriented

A manager considers a limited sample of the potential alternative solutions for a problem and selects one that is acceptable instead of attempting to select the optimum solution. This type of decision is called:

Satisficing

When it comes to leadership, the trait approach suggests that we focus on _____, whereas the behavioral approach implies that we can effectively _____.

Selecting the right person for the job; train leaders

_____ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task

Self-efficacy

All of these are components of emotional intelligence except:

Social processing

____ leadership involves a group goal of winning, _____ leadership involves a group goal of being good to other people, and _____ leadership involves a goal of leading subordinates who work remotely.

Strategic, ethical, virtual

Leaders and managers can encourage a creative/innovative culture in all the following ways EXCEPT

Supporting the status quo

Maurice Harper is a friendly and warm manager who starts her day at work by personally greeting her colleagues and subordinates. Maurice is often seen listening sincerely to employees' concerns and problems. She helps renew and improve the skills of current employees, and is focused on renewing the organization by introducing change. Most of her employees know that she is accessible for help and information at all times. Maurice is a leader who can be characterized as high in:

Supportive leadership Transformational leadership

How much do I really want an "A" in this class? If I get a better grade on the quiz will I get an "A" in this class? If I spend most of tonight studying, will it improve my grade on the quiz?

Valence, Instrumentality, Expectancy

Enacted values and norms

Values and norms that employees exhibit based on their observations of what actually goes on in the organization

From lecture slides, which of the following is NOT an aspect of social learning?

Verbal modeling

The fourth step of the creative process is

Verification

Which of the following scenarios reflects a transactional approach to leadership?

Wayne Torres believes that setting targets, monitoring employee performance, and correcting defaulting employees are his tried and tested ways to accomplish tasks. He rewards employees who do well and match his predetermined expectations and recognizes accomplishments that he values. His team, however, has not grown substantially and seems to be at a functional status quo.

Verbal persuasion

When a person is more confident because someone convinces you you have the skills (e.g. teach one, under supervision)

In which scenario would a heterogeneous group/team lead to better outcomes?

When performing a complex surgery When designing a new computer operating system

Which of the following accurately differentiates between work groups and work teams?

Work groups represent the mere accumulation of individual efforts, while work teams generate a positive synergy within the organization

What might one do in response to underpayment inequity? · Change their inputs or outcomes · Distort perceptions of self or others · Choose a different referent · Leave the field · All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following statements about culture are true? - Strong, strategically relevant, innovation-focused cultures are generally good for firm performance - Strong, strategically relevant, innovation-focused cultures are especially good for firm performance if employees have positive attitudes - Culture should reinforce business strategy - If strategy and culture contradict each other, culture will win - All of the above

all of the above

Research has found that __________ people tend to be higher performers in a variety of jobs.

conscientious

The Pulse, an HR consulting firm, conducts friendly competitions between teams and rewards them with donuts every Friday morning. The main purpose of these games is to promote togetherness in the organization. Which of the following would best describe this effort taken by the management of The Pulse?

consideration (relationship-oriented)

What makes Timon such a great manager is his ability to understand and manage his own moods and emotions and the moods and emotions of his coworkers. This trait is known as:

emotional intelligence

Many organizations provide workout facilities or discounted health club memberships to employees to help them combat stress.

exercise

long term orientation vs. short term normative orientation (LTO)

high: pragmatic approach, they encourage thrift and efforts in modern education as a way to prepare for the future low: societies prefer to maintain time-honored traditions and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion

Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV)

individualism: as a preference for a loosely-knit social framework collectivism: tightly-knit framework in society

indulgence vs. restraint (IND)

indulgence: societies that allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun restraint: societies that suppress gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms

I love my employer but hate my job

low job satisfaction & high organizational commitment

A manager should consider all of the following EXCEPT when forming/composing a group/team?

making the group/team more homogeneous

masculinity vs. femininity (MAS)

masculinity: preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards for success femininity: stands for a preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life

Well-liked departmental chair with many tenured faculty charged with the mission of improving teaching, research, and service (task/relationship-oriented)?

relationship-oriented

Evernote removed limits on employees' vacation time to encourage them to take time off to help manage stress. It also offered to pay each employee $1,000 to get away and disconnect from work for at least a week to show employees that it was serious.

relaxation

When Marie realized that she was feeling stressed because she wasn't sure how her boss wanted her to manage a difficult client, she asked her boss.

role management

Which of the following is a dysfunctional behavior?

rudeness

Continuance commitment

staying with an organization because of perceived high economic (i.e., taking another job would mean losing valuable stock options) and/or social costs (i.e., friendships with coworkers) involved with leaving employee stays because she feels she has to

When Morrie found out that he didn't get the promotion he wanted he asked some of his friends to go out to dinner with him to help relieve the stress he felt.

support group

Not-well liked president of volunteer student club trying to organize club activities for the year (task/relationship-oriented)?

task-oriented

Well-liked experienced supervisor in charge of a production line (task/relationship-oriented)?

task-oriented

fundamental attribution error

tendency to attribute others' behavior to their dispositions (internal cause) and our own behaviors to our situations (external cause)

Emily makes a list every morning of the tasks she must get done that day in the order of importance to help her manage her daily work stress.

time management

As a management consultant, you have a client whose employees have told you that their manager motivates them by rewarding them for desired performance and reprimanding them for undesired performance. This manager has the characteristics of a _____ leader.

transactional

Narcissistic managers tend to have artificially high self-esteem (true/false)

true

Satisfied employee tend to perform more organizational citizenship behaviors (t/f)

true