BUSM 2011: Principles of Management Exam 1
Management =
Organizational Behavior
A: Agreeableness
"A" of the Big-Five Personality Traits - tendency to get along well with others - managers high in agreeableness are likable, affectionate, and care about others outward state super good at attention to detail EX: Jack McBrayer as Kenneth (redhead in NBC suit) Work Outcomes: - correlated with Objective Work Performance at 0.17 (Substantial) - correlated with Teamwork Ratings at 0.34 -- surprisingly SUPER good at attention to detail
C: Conscientiousness
"C" of the Big-Five Personality Traits - tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering - managers high in this trait are organized and self-disciplined can be counted on to get things done EX: Leslie Knope Work Outcomes: - correlated with Objective Work Performace at 0.23 - correlated with Teamwork Ratings at 0.27
E: Extraversion
"E" of the Big-Five Personality Traits - tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world - managers high in Extraversion tend to be sociable, friendly, outgoing, and affectionate tendency to be comfortable with relationships EX: James Corden (Carpool Karaoke) Work Outcomes: - correlated with Objective Work Performance (all types of jobs) at 0.13 (small) - correlated with Performance Being a Manager at 0.21 NOTE: for Sales Performance, Ambiverts are the best (those who score in the middle of the scale)
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and its Sections
"General Mental Ability" The capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information - Linguistic: words and language - Logical-mathematical: logic and numbers - Musical: music, rhythm, and sound - Bodily-kinesthetic: body movement and control - Spatial-visual: images and space - Interpersonal: other people's feelings - Intrapersonal: self-awareness
N: Neuroticism
"N" of the Big-Five Personality Traits - tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, feel distressed and be critical of oneself and others EX: Simon Cowell Work Outcomes: - correlated to Objective Work Performance at -0.10 (Substantial) - correlated with Teamwork ratings at 0.12 (Substantial)
O: Openness
"O" of the Big-Five Personality Traits - Openness to Experience - tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring, and take risks EX: Kanye Work Outcomes: - correlated with Objective Work Performance (all types of jobs) at 0.03 (small) - correlated with Training Performace at 0.33
Why study Personality Traits?
"at least 3 out of 4 companies with more than 100 employees use personality assessments for external hiring -- and that number is steadily growing"
Cliche phrases that apply to Management
- Birds of a feather flock together (EX: Detroit, Chicago, Denver; people live by people like them) - You're never too old to learn something new (humans are constantly changing; your basic personal values will change often) - Fear is stronger than love (bad is 5 times stronger than good; we have to hear "I like that about you" 5 times for every 1 "I don't like that about you"
How can management/managers improve productivity?
- How to empower their people - How to stimulate innovation - How to create an ethically healthy work climate
Understanding management results in:
- Less quitting - Better recruits - Better teamwork - Better financial performance
Why study management? By studying management you can:
- Understand how people behave and why they do what they do - Become a better employee - Become a better manager
Questions that OB helps Human Resource (HR) Managers answer:
- Which applicants should be hired? - Which rewards will be more motivating than others?
Organizational behavior is the study of
- human behavior in organizational settings - the interface between human behavior and the organization, and - the organization itself
*Overcoming Characteristics
- like default settings on your phone that you can easily override - when is average good? Usually -> Ambiverts Combinations of Characteristics: - High on neuroticism and conscientiousness.. Huh? - High on humility and extraversion.. What!?
Examples of Why OB Matters
1. Facebook: - "Mark Zuckerberg Lost Almost $17 Billion in About an Hour. Here's What Happened" - "Abandoning the grow-at-all costs culture they've embraced for years makes Wall Street nervous" - Toxic culture of selling customer data is lucrative in the short-run - Their stock price is almost back, but at what cost?; allowing advertisers to lie (because lies drive engagement) 2. Detroit - at least 40 of Detroit's 139 square miles are empty - "I come from the city of truth" - Kid Rock - Michigan Theatre is now a parking garage - Detroit, Michigan Station vs. Chicago Union Station
Other Personality Traits
1. Narcissism 2. Risk Taking 3. Proactive Personality
*2 Kinds of Fit
1. Supplementary - birds of a feather flock together (same) - Feels better; avoids more conflict 2. Complementary - opposites attract (different) - Leads to the best performance if you can pull it off
CQ: John, a manager for a large, over-priced electronics store, has a tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering. What trait does this describe?
Conscientiousness
*Unrealistic Job Previews (UJP)
EX: teacher's son in marching band; the leaders are super positive and nice initially to get middle schoolers to join, but they have high turnover because they are actually super negative and mean at practice when you are in the band
*It's all about:
Fit - Job - Group - Organization
CQ: In addition to narcissism, Jeff Bezos would most likely score
High on Neuroticism
Big-Five Traits Examples
Marissa Mayer: - Former CEO of Yahoo; 44 years old, Net Worth $380 M O = 58%, C = 86%, E = 63%, A = 73%, N = 79% Mark Zuckerberg - CEO of FB; 35 years old; Net Worth $66.6 B O = 85%, C = 45%, E = 37%, A = 75%, N = 82% Bill Gates - Microsoft Founder; 64 years old; $80 B O = 82%, C = 75%, E = 13%, A = 50%, N = 76%
How is Self-Esteem different from Narcism?
Narcism = Broken Self-Esteem see Narcissism notes for more details
Negative and Positives of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Negatives: - Not well supported Positives: - in training and development, it can help employees better understand themselves and open up communication
Realistic Job Previews (RJPs)
Present both positive potentially negative information to job candidates Goal is not to deter candidates but to: - Provide accurate info about job and organization - Build trust - Reduces turnover (especially from employees who quit because the job wasn't what they expected) EX: teacher's visit to Texas A&M showed him that he DIDN'T want to work there
Why is Extraversion (Big-Five Trait) Relevant and what does it Affect?
Relevant: - better interpersonal skills - greater social dominance - more emotionally expressive Affect: - higher performance - enhanced leadership - higher job/life satisfaction
Why is Agreeableness (Big-Five Trait) Relevant and what does it Affect?
Relevant: - better liked - more compliant and conforming Affect: - higher performance - lower levels of deviant behavior
Why is Conscientiousness (Big-Five Trait) Relevant and what does it Affect?
Relevant: - greater effort and persistence - more drive and discipline - better organized and planning Affect: - higher performance - enhanced leadership - greater longevity
Why is Openness (Big-Five Trait) Relevant and what does it Affect?
Relevant: - increased learning - more creative - more flexible and autonomous Affect: - training performance - enhanced leadership - more adaptable to change
Does effectiveness look the same in every type of organization? Is effectiveness achieved the same way in every type of organization?
See 'What Makes Managers and Organizations Effective' Chart
What is the difference between Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem?
Self-Efficacy = more focused on the FUTURE Self-Esteem = more focused on the PRESENT/right now and even more, the PAST
*How to Measure Personality
Self-report tests or interview questions What are they measuring?
Locus of Control ("Other" Personality Traits)
The extent to which a person believes their circumstances are a function of either their own actions or of external factors beyond their control 1. Internal 2. External
Why is Emotional Stability/Neuroticism (Big-Five Trait) Relevant and what does it Affect?
When looking from the POV of Emotional Stability: Relevant: - less negative thinking and fewer negative emotions - less hyper-vigilant Affect: - higher job and life satisfaction - lower stress level
Would the examples for each of the "Big-Five" Traits have a lot of creativity if they all worked together on the same team (if they didn't kill each other)?
YES! they would compliment each other
Organization
a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals
Attitudes
a person's complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, other people YOUR AFFECT
The "Big-Five" Personality Traits
a set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations; OCEAN Openness (more vs. less) Conscientiousness (high vs. low) Extraversion (extraversion vs. introversion) Agreeableness (high vs. low) Neuroticism (less vs. more)
Competitive Advantages
an organizations edge over rivals in attracting customers and defending itself against competition
Machiavellianism ("Other" Personality Traits)
behavior directed at gaining power and control of others
Narcissism
broken self-esteem; "stuck big" --> why you NEED to keep it big (get IT/big self-esteem from Worship and/or Crushing Other People - Degree of sense of Self-Importance and Arrogance - 2 conflicting Needs: 1. Need for Acclaim and 2. Need for Dominance - "Narcissists might initially be seen as charming, but they end up using people for their own advantage" - Research has found that personal web pages are more popular among Narcissists - Social Media Study (Buffardi and Campbell, 2008): found that number of friends and wall posts correlate with Narcissism; similar to how narcissists behave in the real world, forming numerous, shallow relationships with others; Narcissistic FB users were also more likely to have glamorous, self-promoting pictures for their main profile photo EX: Bezos: mean quotes - CEO Narcissism positively correlated with purchasing another company at 0.25
General Self-Efficacy ("Other" Personality Traits)
confidence in one's ability to be successful
Self-Esteem ("Other" Personality Traits)
degree to which individuals feel good about themselves and their capabilities; feelings of self-worth and liking or disliking oneself High Self-esteem: makes a person feel competent, deserving, and capable Low Self-esteem: a person with Low Self-esteem has poor opinions of themselves and their abilities
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
differentiation across 4 General Dimensions; MBTI: Four Preferences E/I = Extraversion/Introversion (source of energy) S/N = Sensing/Intuition (ways of gathering information) T/F = Thinking/Feeling (decision making) J/P = Judgement/Perception (how you relate to the external world) - 16 personality classifications result from the higher and lower positions of the general dimensions - a popular questionnaire used to assess personality types (ie: communication styles, interaction preferences)
Individual Differences
personal attributes that vary from one person to another (EX: hair, height, etc.)
What does it mean for an organization to be effective?
see definition of 'Organization'
External Locus of Control ("Other" Personality Traits)
tendency to locate responsibility for one's own fate in outside forces and to believe that one's own behavior has little impact on outcomes
Authoritarianism ("Other" Personality Traits)
the belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations
Tolerance for Risk (Risk Propensity) ("Other" Personality Traits)
the degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions
Personality
the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another
Human Resource Management (HRM)
the set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workplace
Internal Locus of Control ("Other" Personality Traits)
the tendency to locate responsibility for one's fate within oneself - own actions and behaviors are major and decisive determinants of job outcomes - it helps to ensure ethical behaviors and decision making in an organization Better for Management
Tolerance for Ambiguity ("Other" Personality Traits)
the tendency to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable
