C. 10 "Online Media: The Internet, Social Media, & Video Games"
Marc Andreessen
-Founded Netscape -Led the team for Mosaic, the first easy-to-read graphical web browser
Bob Taylor
-Helped oversee the creation of ARPAnet -Believes computers are "much more interesting and powerful as communication devices because they mediate human-to-human communication"
Donald Davies
-In England, working on a proposed public communication network at same time as Baran -Came up with very similar notion of packet switching as Baran
Everything is Data
-More and more media being delivered digitally -Mobile phones often have unlimited talk time and text messages, but definite limits on data use -Streaming services replacing satellite/cable for many subscribers -Cable companies experimenting with streaming apps to replace set-top cable boxes
hacking the 2016 presidential election
-Russian internet research agencies set up fake social media accounts to promote dissension on controversial issues -Russia today at sputnik spread false stories on social media -Russian hackers stole $1,000s of Democratic e-mails & shared them -Russian hackers broke into voter registration systems, no sign they changed votes however
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
-a company that provides access to the Internet -you choose a cable/phone/or small local company that sells internet service, the messages then flow from smaller links to bigger digital pipelines (internets backbone), then carries messages across the country
Blogs
-collection of links/commentary in hypertext -boomed in late 1990s, many began to focus on niche issues -writers talk directly to readers, bypassing legacy media -some blogs had an impact
Weblog (blog)
A collection of links and commentary in hypertext form on the World Wide Web that can be created and posted on the internet with relatively little effort. Blogs can be public diaries, collections of photos, or commentaries on the news.
Electronic Mail (Email)
A message sent from one computer user to another across a network
Cyberpunk
A style of writing and movies that deal with the blurring of the lines between humans and computers
Keah Brown
Black & disabled inventor of the hashtag #disabledandcute
Media Convergence
Bringing together traditional legacy media with online media
Neda Agha-Soltan
College student forced to withdraw due to pressure over her attire. Protestor in post-election 2009. Shot in the heart by a Basij militia member. Inspired the opposition movement.
Ray Tomlinson
Developed software to send messages between people using the "@" sign
instant messaging (IM)
Email systems that allow two or more users to chat with one another in real time, hold virtual meetings that span multiple cities or even countries, and keep track of which of their "buddies" are currently logged on to the system.
YouTube
Founded by Hurley, Chen & Karim in 2005 to easily share videos with each other
97%
How much do teens aged 12-17 play video games?
citizen journalism
Journalism created by people other than professional journalists, often distributed over the internet.
Krieger and Systrom. 2010- a free photo and video sharing service geared to mobile phones, bought by Facebook in 2012
video game stars
Mario, Sonic & Pikachu
hypertext
Material in a format containing links that allow the reader to move easily from one section to another and from document to document. The most commonly used hypertext documents are web pages.
Stephen Segaller
Noted the three things that turned the internet into a significant social force (1990s)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
One of the three major components of the web; a method of sending text, graphics, or anything else over the internet from a server to a web browser.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
One of the three major components of the web; the address of content placed on the web.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
One of the three major components of the web; the programming language used to create and format web pages.
eSports
Organized video game team competition for an audience on streaming, cable, or broadcast television. Can also be played in front of a live audience.
The Notion of Cyberspace
Taken from the word cybernetics - Science of Communication & Control Theory
Mosaic
The first easy-to-use graphical web browser, developed by a group of student programmers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
William Gibson
The man who invented cyberspace
Enquire
Tim Berner-Lee's first program to organize docs, lists of people, and projects on his computer
1. World Wide Web code posted to the internet 2. Commercial users allowed 3. The first easy to use web browser
What are the three things that turned the internet into a significant social force?
89%
What percent of adults were somehow online in 2018?
Academic researchers
What were the initial intentions of the packet-switching network?
Reverse synergy
When you get the worst of both by combining old and new media
US Air Force
Who built the first nationwide packet-switching network?
Broadband Service
a cable modem from a cable television provider or a digital subscriber line (DSL) from a phone company, offers connections that are many times faster than dial-up service
Internet
a diverse set of interdependent networks, interlinked to provide its users with the appearance of a single, uniform network
Digital Native
a person born or brought up during the age of digital technology and therefore familiar with computers and the Internet from an early age.
World Wide Web
a system that allows users to view and link documents located anywhere in the world using standard software
Chris Anderson
argued that the age of open-standard web pages was on the decline, leading the way to going online with specialized mobile apps
Dan Rather & George W. Bush
blog reports brought down this former CBS anchor after he mishandled a story on the president at the time
ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
built in 1968 to connect 4 UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, & uUtah- the first network
Commercial Networks
companies such as CompuServe, Prodigy, & AOL that provided nonacademic access to internet services
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
controls how data are sent out on the internet, & provides the address for each computer on the internet
Brandon Stanton
created the "Humans of New York" project
Tim Berners-Lee
creator of the World Wide Wb in 1991
Bob Khan and Vint Cerf
creators of TCP/IP so independent networks could communicate with each other
Packet Switching
cuts messages into little pieces and sends them along the easiest route to their final destination
developed in 2006 by 3 college dropouts (Williams, Dorsey, & Stone) so people could communicate with short messages (140 c)
Walled Garden
early business model for online portals with access limited mostly to proprietary content
Barack Obama
first candidate to advertise in video games
founded by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004 on the "walled garden" & advertising premises
AOL's Instant Messenger (AIM)
grandfather of instant messaging
Ted Nelson
inventor of hypertext
video consoles
media content devices
Paul Baran
military inventor of Packet Switching as tech to survive a nuclear strike
Snapchat
most popular social media for young people, temporary, private, & candid
The Blair Witch Project
movie that showed how interaction on the web could draw in viewers
Netscape
one of the first of browsers
Social Networking
online groups where friends or like-minded people share what they post online
Doug Engelbart
originated the idea of the web, ahead of his time and largely ignored
Customization
people can make their social network pages unique with headers & profile pictures
Apps
small, downloadable software programs that allowed the internet to go mobile easier
Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association
struck down a California law that prohibited the sale of video games to minors that depict "killing, maiming, dismembering or sexually assaulting an image of a human being"
Comments
this interaction can range from extensive online debates to things as simple as "liking" a photo on Facebook
Tagging
when people mark photos and text in which they are featured, includes hashtags
User-created generated content
written words, photos, podcasts, and streaming audio & video uploaded by users
Steven Levy
wrote the book "Hackers", book that laid out the principles of hacker culture before the internet became a popular mass medium
