C722 - Project Management - Unit 7 - Test 6

In a __________, , the bars in the body show when the work on each activity will occur.

Gantt chart

In a ______________, the key stages of a project and their duration are displayed as a bar chart, with the time scale across the top.

Gantt chart

The bars illustrate when work for each activity will be completed in which of the following?

Gantt chart

the starting point for developing the project schedule because they identify specific work that will need to occur in order to execute the project.

activities

beta distribution equation

activity duration = (o+4m+p)/6

triangular distribution

activity duration = (o+m+p)/3

Which of the following can be impacted if the person completing a project activity will be repeating the same activity later in the project?

activity durations

statistical measure of how much the actual activity duration is likely to vary.

activity estimate standard deviation

activity standard deviation

activity estimate standard deviation = (p-o)/6

When is the Gantt chart constructed in relationship to the deliverables and requirements being broken down into activities and tasks?

after

What is the term for when you start with the required end date of the project and fill in date estimates to determine the latest date you can start the project and finish on time?

backward pass

is when you start with the required end date of the project and fill in date estimates to determine the latest date you can start the project and finish on time.

backward pass

still uses the three estimates (optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic) but places emphasis on the most likely estimate.

beta distribution

Which estimation method was developed as the project evaluation and review technique (PERT) to support the U.S. Navy's Polaris missile project?

beta distribution estimation method

Which of the following estimation methods uses all three duration estimates but places emphasis on the most likely estimate?

beta distribution estimation method

Can be done at the same time

concurrent

Staffing, order entry, and room design are examples of activities that can be completed at the same time because they use different resources. What is this type of activity called?

concurrent

PMs will often ______________ to obtain the greatest amount of compression for the least incremental cost.

crash costs

One method for reducing ____________ involves inspecting tasks to see if they can be made shorter.

critical path

The only way to have a project end sooner is by reducing what?

critical path

Which of the following can be decreased by inspecting tasks to see if they can be made shorter?

critical path

the sequence of tasks that enable the project to be completed?

critical path

The problem with using the ______________ estimation method is that the people providing the estimate can be too optimistic or too pessimistic, which results in unreliable duration estimates.

deterministic

Which technique is used when activity durations are very predictable?

deterministic

Duration estimation techniques fall into two general categories:

deterministic and probabilistic

Using the _________ approach requires that the team expert provide a reliable estimate of the time necessary to complete the activity.

deterministic duration approach

The estimation approach where an expert provides a single estimate for an activity based on either personal knowledge or historical information is called what?

deterministic duration estimate

Which type of estimation technique is appropriate when the activity durations are very predictable?

deterministic duration estimation

appropriate when the activity durations are very predictable.

deterministic duration estimation techniques

To compress the schedule, the project leadership and team must find ways to do the work faster, reduce the quality of the work, and what else?

do less work

To compress the schedule, the project leadership and team must find ways to _____________ , do less work, and reduce the quality of the work, accepting the consequences.

do the work faster

After the WBS has been developed, the process of estimating the __________ of project work activities begins.

duration

In project management, we often use the term ______________ to describe the number of time periods required to complete some portion of the work

duration

Which of the following describes the number of time periods required to finish work activities that lead to the completion of the project deliverables?

duration

The project team may divide activities or identify additional activities that need to be added to the WBS as they develop what?

duration estimates

When preparing _________ it is important that the team member doing the work has input because these will be integrated with sequencing to become the approved schedule.

duration estimates

An example of a ____________ task relationship is when a product design needs to be finished before the design approval can be finished.

finish-to-finish

If an owner reviews the decor after it is purchased, the design will need to be refined with the owner's feedback. This indicates which kind of relationship with the purchasing tasks?

finish-to-finish

The ______________ relationship is a logical relationship where the successor task cannot be completed until the first task is completed.

finish-to-finish

The logical relationship where the successor task cannot be completed until the first task is completed is called what?

finish-to-finish

logical relationship where the successor task cannot be completed until the first task is completed.

finish-to-finish

The purchase of restaurant materials such as paint, flooring, furniture, and decorations cannot be done until the design is approved by the owner. This is an example of which kind of relationship?

finish-to-start

___________ is the most common relationship between tasks.

finish-to-start

a logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor has finished.

finish-to-start

Which of the following describes when you start assigning dates based on the earliest start date, adding dates based on estimates for each task in the diagram?

forward pass

Which of the following applies to activities that can be delayed without affecting the project completion date?

free float

Which data do task relationships depend upon?

government regulations, budgets, deliverables, milestones

What is the first step in determining the critical path?

identify deliverables, activities, and tasks

If a task is needed immediately before, we can stress that by calling it an

immediate predecessor

How are serial activities performed?

in a single stream of tasks

You can use _____________________ to provide a unique representation of each item on the network diagram.

label nodes

provide a unique representation of each item on the network diagram.

label nodes

Inserting _________ introduces a delay in the completion of tasks.

lag time

Which of the following introduces a delay in the completion of tasks?

lag time

Inserting ______________ between tasks can help shorten the overall duration.

lead time

Which of the following concepts can be important for creating accurate activity duration estimates when the project includes tasks that are repeated?

learning curve

According to the concept of ___________, if a project requires that a software test be run several times during the development of the application, the time required to run the test may decrease later in the project.

learning curves

If a project requires that a software test be run several times during the development of the application, the time required to run the test may decrease later in the project based on the concept of what?

learning curves

suggests that as a person repeats a task, the time required to complete the task decreases.

learning curves

When the calculated completion date of the last project activity is later than the original targeted completion date, what is this called?

negative float

The __________________ shows the project team and stakeholders how the project schedule will unfold.

network diagram

The project team and stakeholders can use the _______________ to learn how the project schedule will unfold.

network diagram

Which is a graphic representation for how a project will proceed?

network diagram

Which of the following is a graphic representation for how a project proceeds?

network diagram

the expert provides a single estimate for an activity based on either his or her own knowledge or historical information.

one-point estimate

What needs to be completed before this work is started

predecessor

used when there is uncertainty in how long an activity will take.

probabilistic

When using the ______________ estimation approaches, activity duration is based on the combining of three estimates: an optimistic estimate (O), a pessimistic estimate (P), and a most likely estimate (M).

probabilistic duration

Which of the following estimation approaches are used when there is uncertainty in how long an activity will take?

probabilistic duration estimation

For every activity and task we identify, we also must identify the _____________ required to perform the work

resource

To estimate required _______________, it is a good idea to use the knowledge and experience of the person who will be completing the project task

resources

You can reduce critical path by reviewing _______________ to see if more are needed or the ones currently in use need improvement.

resources

For every activity and task we identify was must also identify what?

resources required to perform the work

Getting the project delivered faster is the goal of what?

schedule compression

is done because the owner or sponsor of the project has a fast and hard deadline for the deliverables of the project.

schedule compression

is the reduction of a project time line to the least possible length for the least cost to the project.

schedule compression

Resources, time, and _________ are three examples of information found on a network diagram.

sequence

Which process do label nodes identify?

sequence

Can be done in a single stream of tasks

serial

Completing a design, then getting approval, and then purchasing materials in a single stream are examples of what type of activities?

serial

_____________ activities are performed in a single stream of tasks.

serial

Which are factors that can influence a learning curve?

skill level required

The painter does painting before the flooring is installed, but also must return after flooring installation to perform final painting touch-ups. This is an example of which kind of relationship?

start-to-finish

You cannot end the first task until the second task has started in which type of relationship?

start-to-finish

we cannot end the first task until the second task has started

start-to-finish

A successor activity cannot start the until the predecessor activity has started in a _____________ relationship

start-to-start

During the construction of a gas pipeline, as soon as the crew begins digging the trench and creates the start of the pipeline, the laying of the pipe can start. This is the process of filling the trench. This is an example of which type of relationship?

start-to-start

You cannot start the successor activity until the predecessor activity has started in which type of relationship?

start-to-start

cannot start the successor activity until the predecessor activity has started.

start-to-start

Can only be done after this work is completed

successor

You can create a network diagram at a detail level or at what other level?

summary

To reduce critical path, it is important to review all _____________ to see if it is possible to start subsequent tasks sooner.

task dependencies

Prior to developing ___________ it's important to have an understanding the project deliverables, project constraints, milestones and budgets, etc.

task relationships

Which of the following depend on project deliverables, project constraints, milestones and budgets, etc.?

task relationships

As they become better understood, activities are broken down into

tasks

If not required to meet the end result, which of the following can be eliminated in order to reduce critical path?

tasks

Because the activity durations will be integrated with the activity sequencing to become the approved schedule, who should have primary input into the duration estimates?

team member doing the work

Which type of estimation technique includes an optimistic estimate?

three-point

_________________ is the difference between the finish date of the last activity on the critical path and the project completion date.

total float

In estimating activity duration, time considerations include

vendor lead time