C836-Fundamentals of Information Security
Which tool should an application developer use to help identify input validation vulnerabilities?
A fuzzer
Wireshark
A graphical interface protocol analyzer capable of filtering, sorting, and analyzing both wired and wireless network traffic.
Hping3
A tool used to test the security of firewalls.
What is an example of symmetric key encryption?
AES
_____________ are based on rules, laws, policies, procedures, guidelines, and other items that are "paper" in nature. An example is one that requires us to change our password every 90 days. One important concept when we discuss this type of control is the ability to enforce compliance with them. If we do not have the authority or the ability to ensure that our controls are being complied with, they are worse than useless, because they create a false sense of security.
Administrative Controls
Intrusion Prevention Systems (HIPS and NIPS)
Alarms and takes actions when malicious events occur.
An organization wants to prevent malware from infecting its workstations, mobile devices, and web applications. Which security tool should it implement?
Antivirus
You are leaving for an extended vacation and want to take steps to protect your home. You set a timer to turn lights and the TV on and off at various times throughout the day, suspend the mail delivery, and arrange for a neighbor to come in and water the plants. What step in the operations security process do these actions demonstrate?
Application of countermeasures
During what phase of the operations security process do we match threats and vulnerabilities?
Assessment of risks
A company wants to update its access control policy. The company wants to prevent hourly employees from logging in to company computers after business hours. Which type of access control policy should be implemented?
Attribute-based
A company is concerned about potential phishing attacks through email. As a result, a new company policy dictates that email must be digitally signed before it is sent to any customers or partners. What Parkerian hexad principle is being used?
Authenticity. (Authenticating identity...key word: digital signature)
_____________ is the next step taken after we have completed identification and authentication.
Authorization
A company has had several successful denial of service (DoS) attacks on its email server. Which security principle is being attacked?
Availability
An organization has a requirement that all database servers and file servers be configured to maintain operations in the presence of a failure. Which principle of the CIA triad is this requirement implementing?
Availability
Which component of the CIA triad will be impacted if an attacker cuts network cables?
Availability
An organization has a requirement that all database servers and file servers be configured to maintain operations in the presence of a failure. Which principle of the CIA triad is this requirement implementing?
Availability Data is available for use
A company has had several successful denial of service (DoS) attacks on its email server. Which security principle is being attacked?
Availability Denial of service means the data/resource is unable to be used at the moment, therefore, unavailable.
An attacker performs a buffer overflow attack on an organization's web server. The web server locks up and must be restarted to restore functionality. Which part of the CIA triad is under attack?
Availability Resources unable to be used
Which two principles of the CIA triad can be violated by an interruption attack?
Availability and Integrity.
Which Microsoft fuzzing tool examines source code for general good practices?
BinScope Binary Analyzer
A systems administrator enables operating system logging to capture unsuccessful log in attempts. Which attack can be uncovered by reviewing such logs?
Brute Force
What planning process ensures that critical business functions can continue to operate during an emergency?
Business continuity planning
A small IT firm is required to authenticate remote customers who access the firm's network. Which protection technique should the IT firm employ to satisfy this requirement?
Certificates
Tcpdump
Command-line packet sniffing tool that runs on Linux and UNIX operating systems.
The process of intelligence gathering and analysis to support business decisions is known as _______.
Competitive intelligence
A company institutes a new policy that "All office computer monitors must face toward employees and must face away from doorways. The monitor screens must not be visible to people visiting the office." Which principle of the CIA triad is this company applying?
Confidentiality So that no one not authorized to see doesn't see.
A file is stored in a marketing folder and is accessible only to members of the marketing group. An attacker uses a phishing scam to gain the credentials of a user who is a member of the marketing group, and then reads the file. Which leg of the CIA triad is being targeted?
Confidentiality key phrase: "reads the file"
An organization employs a VPN to safeguard its information. Which security principle is protected by a VPN?
Data in motion
An accounting firm stores financial data for many customers. The company policy requires that employees only access data for customers they are assigned to. The company implements a written policy indicating an employee can be fired for violating this requirement. Which type of control has the company implemented?
Deterrent
A user who creates a network share and sets permissions on that share is employing which model of access control?
Discretionary Access Control
Backordered Parts is a defense contractor that builds communications parts for the military. The employees use mostly Web-based applications for parts design and information sharing. Due to the sensitive nature of the business, Backordered Parts would like to implement a solution that secures all browser connections to the Web servers. What encryption solution best meets this company's needs?
Ecliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
Which file action implements the principle of confidentiality from the CIA triad?
Encyption Remember: hash implements integrity
Small bits of software that take advantage of flaws in other software or applications to cause them to behave in ways that were not intended by their creators are called _____ .
Exploits
_____ protects the privacy of students and their parents.
FERPA
Which U.S. law defines security standards exclusively for federal agencies?
FISMA
___________________ attacks involve generating data, processes, communications, or other similar activities with a system. Primarily affects ____________ but could be considered an availability attack as well.
Fabrication, integrity can also be availability...changes may make data unavailable
FISMA refers to ____.
Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 and Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014
A company has files stored on a server that are critical to the organization's viability. The administrator has assigned the appropriate permissions to the files. How should the administrator provide additional confidentiality protection for the files at rest?
File encryption
A new start-up company has started working on a social networking website. The company has moved all its source code to a cloud provider and wants to protect this source code from unauthorized access. Which cyber defense concept should the start-up company use to maintain the confidentiality of its source code?
File encryption Remember: encryption maintains confiidentiality
Which security solution can an organization deploy to prevent unauthorized external access to its internal network?
Firewall
A military installation is evaluating backup solutions for its critical data. This installation operates in a harsh environment that is subjected to heat, humidity, and magnetic fields. Which physical media should be selected to ensure the integrity of backups is preserved given these harsh operating conditions?
Flash Drives
A military installation is evaluating backup solutions for its critical data. This installation operates in a harsh environment that is subjected to heat, humidity, and magnetic fields. Which physical media should be selected to ensure the integrity of backups is preserved given these harsh operating conditions?
Flash drives
Which type of tool can be used to detect vulnerabilities in source code related to improper handling of user input?
Fuzzer
This type of host-based software may communicate with the management device by sending regular beacons.
HIDS
Which type of cryptographic tool should the company use to protect the integrity of its open source applications?
Hash Functions (protect integrity of data)
Utility
How useful data is.
What is the first and arguably one of the most important steps of the risk management process?
Identify Assets
The first most important part of the risk management process is__________.
Identifying and Categorizing Assets
Which of the following is not a major category of database security issues?
Improper Indexing
An organization plans to encrypt data in transit on a network. Which aspect of data is the organization attempting to protect?
Integrity
Which aspect of the CIA triad is violated by an unauthorized database roll back or undo?
Integrity
Some malware hides itself by replacing some system administrator commands on a server, but the server continues to function normally for its users. Which component of the CIA triad has been compromised?
Integrity commands on server changed
Which two principles of the CIA triad can be violated by a fabrication attack?
Integrity and availability
Which two principles of the CIA triad can be violated by an interruption attack?
Integrity and availability
Hashes provide _______, but not _______.
Integrity, confidentiality
Which statement below is true about a company operating in the United States today?
International computing laws must be considered if any customer resides outside the U.S.
A malicious hacker was successful in a denial of service (DoS) attack against an institution's mail server. Fortunately, no data was lost or altered while the server was offline. Which type of attack is this?
Interruption No data was changed, therefore integrity remains the same and can't be termed as "interception".
A user runs an application that has been infected with malware that is less than 24 hours old. The malware then infects the operating system. Which safeguard should be implemented to prevent this type of attack?
Limit user account privileges
Controls that protect the systems, networks, and environments that process, transmit, and store our data are called?
Logical controls
Which well-known tool is a scanner with a large and broad set of functionality?
Nmap
Buffer Overflow
Occurs when we do not properly account for the size of the data input into our applications.
A company's IT policy manual states that "All company computers, workstations, application servers, and mobile devices must have current versions of antivirus software." Which principle or concept of cybersecurity does this policy statement impact?
Operating system security
A company's website policy states that "To gain access to the corporate website, each employee must provide a valid user name and password, and then answer one of six security questions accurately." Which type of security does the policy address?
Operations
Some standards are not mandated by law but are managed and enforced by the industry, often via a council or committee. Which of the options below is an example of this industry compliance?
PCI DSS
A petroleum company has a group of computers used to monitor flow of materials in the refining process. These computers are never connected to the Internet or other corporate network, and they host proprietary monitoring software which the company has registered as a trade secret. Which type of security will be able to help protect its software against theft?
Physical
In the system room of a small company, an emergency power shut-down switch was installed right next to a light switch. As a result, employees sometimes shut down the power accidentally when they leave the data center. Which type of control should be implemented to mitigate the risk of accidental shut down?
Physical
Possession
Physical disposition of the media which data is stored.
Which tool can be used to map devices on a network, along with their operating system types and versions?
Port scanner
A company has instituted a policy to prevent data leakage. The policy requires that any data stored on USB storage devices must be encrypted with at least 256-bit encryption. Which principle that is part of the Parkerian hexad but not the CIA triad would be violated if one of these devices was stolen?
Possession
Threat
Potential for an attack on a resource
Authenticity
Proper attribution to the owner or creator of the data.
Mitigate Risks
Put controls in place.
Which asymmetric cryptographic algorithm can provide confidentiality for data in motion?
RSA
A new software development company has determined that one of its proprietary algorithms is at a high risk for unauthorized disclosure. The company's security up to this point has been fairly lax. Which procedure should the company implement to protect this asset?
Relocate the algorithm to encrypted storage.
Which U.S. law regulates the confidentiality and accuracy of a publicly traded corporation's financial reports?
SOX
Which web attack is a server-side attack?
SQL injection
Which web attack is possible due to a lack of input validation?
SQL injection
A bank wants to ensure user interactions with the online banking website are confidential. Which security solution should be implemented?
SSL/TLS
A badge or token is considered what type of authentication?
Something you have
In addition to a username and corresponding password, a desktop application asks users to submit a special code. This code is produced by an application running on the users' mobile phone. Which authentication technique is the phone application providing?
Something you have
In addition to a username and corresponding password, a desktop application asks users to submit a special code. This code is produced by an application running on the users' mobile phone. Which authentication technique is the phone application providing?
Something you have
A firewall that can watch packets and monitor the traffic from a given connection is using what kind of firewall technology?
Stateful packet inspection
Interception
Targets the confidentiality of data
Impact
The value of the asset is used to assess if a risk is present.
SOX
U.S law regulates the confidentiality and accuracy of a publicly traded corporation's financial reports
FISMA
U.S. law defines the security standards exclusively for federal agencies.
A company has an annual audit of installed software and data storage systems. During the audit, the auditor asks how the company's most critical data is used. This determination helps the auditor ensure that the proper defense mechanisms are in place to protect critical data. Which principle of the Parkerian hexad is the auditor addressing?
Utility Key phrase: "how it's used"
A module in a security awareness course shows a user making use of two-factor authentication using a hardware token. Which security failure is being addressed by this training module?
Weak passwords
_____________ is a popular, fully-featured sniffer capable of intercepting traffic from a wide variety of wired and wireless sources.
Wireshark
The total available avenues through which our operating system might be attacked is called a(n) ...
attack surface
PII is personally identifiable information.
be monitored for compliance
The Interception attack type most commonly affects which principle(s) of the CIA triad?
confidentiality
Attack is similar to XSS, in a general sense. In this type of attack, the attacker places a link, or links, on a Web page in such a way that they will be automatically executed, in order to initiate a particular activity on another Web page or application where the user is currently authenticated. For instance, such a link might cause the browser to add items to our shopping cart on Amazon or transfer money from one bank account to another.
cross-site request forgery (XSRF)
VPN is for..
data in motion
Which of the options below demonstrates all three types of physical security controls: deterrent, detective, and preventive?
guard dog
Which security type deliberately exposes a system's vulnerabilities or resources to an attacker?
honeypots
GLBA
protect's consumer's financial information
European Union Directive 95/46/EC regulation
safeguards personally identifiable information of the purchaser
