Cancer evolve questions

D. "Your cancer was identified in the cervix and has limited local spread."

A 33-yr-old patient has recently been diagnosed with stage II cervical cancer. Which statement by the nurse best explains the diagnosis? A. "The cancer is found at the point of origin only." B. "Tumor cells have been identified in the cervical region." C. "The cancer has been identified in the cervix and the liver." D. "Your cancer was identified in the cervix and has limited local spread."

D. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.

A 64-yr-old male patient who is receiving radiation to the head and neck as treatment for an invasive malignant tumor complains of mouth sores and pain. Which intervention should the nurse add to the plan of care? A. Provide ice chips to soothe the irritation. B. Weigh the patient every month to monitor for weight loss. C. Cleanse the mouth every 2 to 4 hours with hydrogen peroxide. D. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.

D. Serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L

A 70-yr-old man who has end-stage lung cancer is admitted to the hospital with confusion and oliguria for 2 days. Which finding would the nurse report immediately to the health care provider? A. Weight gain of 6 lb B. Nausea and vomiting C. Urine specific gravity of 1.004 D. Serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L

C. "You can get a wig now to match your hair so you will not look different."

A female patient is having chemotherapy for brain metastasis. She is concerned about how she will look when she loses her hair. What is the best response by the nurse to this patient? A. "When your hair grows back, it will be patchy." B. "Don't use your curling iron, and that will slow down the loss." C. "You can get a wig now to match your hair so you will not look different." D. "You should contact "Look Good, Feel Better" to figure out what to do about this."

D. Epstein-Barr virus

A patient has been diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma. In the initiation stage of cancer, the cells genetic structure is mutated. Exposure to what may have functioned as a carcinogen for this patient? A. Bacteria B. Sun exposure C. Most chemicals D. Epstein-Barr virus

C. Avoid heat and cold to the treatment area.

A patient with breast cancer is having teletherapy radiation treatments after her surgery. What should the nurse teach the patient about the care of her skin? A. Use Dial soap to feel clean and fresh. B. Scented lotion can be used on the area. C. Avoid heat and cold to the treatment area. D. Wear the new bra to comfort and support the area.

A. Control weight B. Genetic testing C. Immunizations D. Use sunscreen E. Stop smoking F. Limit alcohol intake

Patients may reduce the risk of developing cancer using health promotion strategies. Identify strategies which can reduce the risk of developing cancer (select all that apply.). A. Control weight B. Genetic testing C. Immunizations D. Use sunscreen E. Stop smoking F. Limit alcohol intake

C. Hypouricemia

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of chemotherapy to treat a rapidly growing metastatic colon cancer. The nurse is aware that the patient is at risk for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and will monitor for which abnormality associated with this oncologic emergency? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypouricemia D. Hypophosphatemia

D. Add items such as skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut butter to selected foods.

The nurse is caring for a patient suffering from anorexia secondary to chemotherapy. Which strategy would be most appropriate to increase the patient's nutritional intake? A.Increase intake of liquids at mealtime to stimulate the appetite. B. Serve three large meals per day plus snacks between each meal. C. Avoid the use of liquid protein supplements to encourage eating at mealtimes. D. Add items such as skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut butter to selected foods.

A. A bland, low-fiber diet

Previous administrations of chemotherapy agents to a cancer patient have resulted in diarrhea. Which dietary modification should the nurse recommend? A. A bland, low-fiber diet B. A high-protein, high-calorie diet C. A diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables D. A diet emphasizing whole and organic foods

A. Cells are abnormal and moderately differentiated.

The laboratory reports that the cells from the patient's tumor biopsy are grade II. What should the nurse know about this histologic grading? A. Cells are abnormal and moderately differentiated. B. Cells are very abnormal and poorly differentiated. C. Cells are immature, primitive, and undifferentiated. D. Cells differ slightly from normal cells and are well-differentiated.

A. "Have you had a fever?"

The nurse assesses a 76-yr-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy using a kinase inhibitor medication. Which question is most important for the nurse to ask? A. "Have you had a fever?" B. "Have you lost any weight?" C. "Has diarrhea been a problem?" D. "Have you noticed any hair loss?"

D. "Before the transplant, I will have chemotherapy and possibly full-body radiation."

The nurse is caring for an 18-yr-old female patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia that is scheduled for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Which patient statement indicates a correct understanding of the procedure? A. "I understand the transplant procedure has no dangerous side effects." B. "After the transplant, I will feel better and can go home in 5 to 7 days." C. "My brother will be a 100% match for the cells used during the transplant." D. "Before the transplant, I will have chemotherapy and possibly full-body radiation."

A. Body mass index of 35 kg/m2 and smoking cigarettes for 20 years

The nurse is teaching a wellness class to a group of women at their workplace. Which findings represent the highest risk for developing cancer? A. Body mass index of 35 kg/m2 and smoking cigarettes for 20 years B. Family history of colorectal cancer and consumes a high-fiber diet C. Limits fat consumption and has regular mammography and Pap screenings D.Exercises five times every week and does not consume alcoholic beverages

A. Maintain hope. B. Exhibit a caring attitude. E. Be available to listen to fears and concerns.

The patient and his family are upset that the patient is going through procedures to diagnose cancer. What nursing actions should the nurse use first to facilitate their coping with this situation (select all that apply.)? A. Maintain hope. B. Exhibit a caring attitude. C. Plan realistic long-term goals. D. Give them antianxiety medications. E. Be available to listen to fears and concerns. F. Teach them about the types of cancer that could be diagnosed.

C. "What does the pain feel like?"

The patient has osteosarcoma of the right leg. The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports that the patient's vital signs are normal, but the patient says he still has pain in his leg and it is getting worse. Which question would best determine treatment measures for the patient's pain? A. "Where is the pain?" B. "Is the pain getting worse?" C. "What does the pain feel like?" D. "Do you use medications to relieve the pain?"

D. The time the nurse spends at what distance from the patient

The patient is being treated with brachytherapy for cervical cancer. What factors must the nurse be aware of to protect herself when caring for this patient? A. The medications the patient is taking B. The nutritional supplements that will help the patient C. How much time is needed to provide the patient's care D. The time the nurse spends at what distance from the patient

B. Turn off the chemotherapy infusion.

The patient is receiving an IV vesicant chemotherapy drug. The nurse notices swelling and redness at the site. What should the nurse do first? A. Ask the patient if the site hurts. B. Turn off the chemotherapy infusion. C. Call the ordering health care provider. D. Administer sterile saline to the reddened area.

D. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

The patient is receiving immunotherapy and targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. What medication should the nurse expect to administer before therapy to combat the most common side effects of these medications? A. Morphine sulfate B. Ibuprofen (Advil) C. Ondansetron (Zofran) D. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

C. It is probably benign.

The patient is told that her adenoma tumor is not encapsulated but has normally differentiated cells and surgery will be needed. The patient asks the nurse what this means. What should the nurse tell the patient? A. It will recur. B. It has metastasized. C. It is probably benign. D. It is probably malignant.

C. A Silastic catheter will be percutaneously placed in the abdomen for chemotherapy administration.

The patient was told that he would have intraperitoneal chemotherapy. He asks the nurse when the IV will be started for the chemotherapy. What should the nurse teach the patient about this type of chemotherapy delivery? A. It is delivered via an Ommaya reservoir and extension catheter. B. It is instilled in the bladder via a urinary catheter and retained for 1 to 3 hours. C. A Silastic catheter will be percutaneously placed in the abdomen for chemotherapy administration. D. The arteries supplying the tumor are accessed with surgical placement of a catheter connected to an infusion pump.

D. Immunologic surveillance

When caring for the patient with cancer, what does the nurse understand as the response of the immune system to antigens of the malignant cells? A. Metastasis B. Tumor angiogenesis C. Immunologic escape D. Immunologic surveillance

D. 1 tsp salt in 1 L water mouth rinse

Which item would be most beneficial when providing oral care to a patient with metastatic cancer who is at risk for oral tissue injury secondary to chemotherapy? A. Firm-bristle toothbrush B. Hydrogen peroxide rinse C. Alcohol-based mouthwash D. 1 tsp salt in 1 L water mouth rinse

Risk for infection

Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient experiencing myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy for cancer treatment? A. Acute pain B. Hypothermia C. Powerlessness D. Risk for infection

B. A 56-yr-old African American man with hepatitis C who drinks alcohol daily

Which patient is statistically and medically at the highest risk of developing cancer? A. A 68-yr-old white woman who has BRCA-1 gene and is obese B. A 56-yr-old African American man with hepatitis C who drinks alcohol daily C. An 18-yr-old Hispanic man who eats fast food once per week and drink alcohol D. An 80-yr-old Asian woman with coronary artery disease on blood pressure medication.

B. "Follow smoking cessation recommendations."

Which statement by the nurse most facilitates patient cancer prevention during the promotion stage of cancer development? A. "Exercise every day for 30 minutes." B. "Follow smoking cessation recommendations." C. "Following a vitamin regime is highly recommended." D. "I recommend excision of the cancer as soon as possible."