CAP 3104 Exam 1

5.2 - Which of the following evaluation methods involves participants that are chosen to represent the intended user communities and then perform tasks with the interface?

Usability testing

8.11 - Choose the item below that is NOT a design consideration for small displays (e.g. Smartphones or digital watches): - Simplify: "less is more" - Strive to reduce or eliminate data entry - Learnability is key - Use 10-point font - Consider use frequency and importance - Plan for interruptions - Use of contextual information - Make clear what is selectable and what is not - Leave room for scroll and swipe gestures to avoid inadvertent actions - Consider relegating less important functions to other platforms

Use 10-point font

2.5 - The ability for novice users to evolve into power users is one property of a well-designed interface. Which of the following methods might best allow a graceful evolution from novice to expert? (Select ALL that apply.)

Use a single interface that allows the user to increase the complexity of the display when they feel comfortable. Provide hints and online assistance to users on various ways they can perform a certain task.

3.4 - Display design guidelines recommend that control of the display should be held by the...

User

4.6 - What is the difference between user-interface designers and traditional ethnographers?

User-interface designers focus on interfaces for the purpose of changing and improving them, whereas traditional ethnographers are just interested in understanding their subjects.

5.5 - An effective technique to gain insight into users' motivations for their actions is to:

Using the think aloud method

5.7 - What is the central goal of acceptance testing?

Verify adherence to the requirements.

7.9 - What is NOT a benefit of direct manipulation? - Encourages exploration. - Faster learning and higher retention. - Visually impaired users may have more difficulty. - Less syntax reduces error rates.

Visually impaired users may have more difficulty.

4.1 - When there are competitive products in a marketplace that offer similar functionality, which of the following is vital for product acceptance?

Well-engineered usability

4.12 - Which one of the following is NOT one of the four E's of management strategies?

Expertise

1.7 - Current research in Human-Computer Interaction is largely done by introspection and intuition. Due to the fact that the field is relatively new, there is little need for a scientific method for interface research.

False

2.3 - Designing interfaces to help meet the needs of disabled users will inevitably hurt normal user's productivity.

False

2.6 - There is a significant diversity among humans with regard to physical abilities, backgrounds, cultures and age. However, by simply designing an interface for the average, generic human, people of various types will be able to conform to the design without toil.

False

3.13 - System preferences for Universal Access features are still not easily selectable in either the Mac OSX or Microsoft Windows products requiring installation of special tools when the product is first purchased for the physically-challenged user.

False

3.8 - One of the Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design suggests that providing feedback for every user action is too distracting for the user.

False

4.11 - Creating low-fidelity prototypes out of slips of paper, pieces of plastic and tape offers little benefit to interface design, since those real-world objects are difficult to translate to a digital setting.

False

4.2 - Since design is inherently creative and unpredictable, there are no methods available to guide a designer.

False

4.9 - By writing a statement of plausible impacts by an interactive system, it will only elevate fears or force developers to make unreasonable compromises. It is best to record these impacts and only reveal them at the end of the development process, at which point they can be fixed.

False

5.1 - Once a designer gains enough experience, it is wasteful of time and resources to evaluate their creations thoroughly.

False

5.10 - When using experts for an expert review, it is important that the expert selected have little knowledge of the project and no meaningful relationship with the organization.

False

6.1 - It is difficult to adapt the user interface development process to systems and applications that contain little or no user interface elements, e.g. embedded systems, e.g. database design.

False

7.8 - True or false? The principles of direct manipulation are not helpful to designers of virtual environments since those environments break the physical limitations of space.

False

8.5 - Positional consistency is a strong principle for good menu design. By following this rule, it is best to do what when an item is no longer available for selection in a menu? - Remove the item. - Gray out the item. - Allow user to select the item, but the corresponding action will not perform.

Gray out the item.

4.5 - Careful selection of users can help build successful participatory design experiences in which of the following ways: (Select ALL that apply)

Increases participants' sense of importance. Emphasizes the seriousness of the project.

2.1 - Universal usability deals with accommodating diverse users by...

Innovative design that allow user controlled flexibility.

6.2 - Identify the item below that should not be the driver of a user interface development project:

Operating system version

1.1 - Of the five usability measures for practical evaluation, which one is usually accomplished by interviews and surveys?

Subjective satisfaction.

1.5 - One goal in requirements analysis is to ensure proper reliability. However, which of the following is not a responsibility of the human interface designer?

The answer is all of the above: Actions must function correctly. Displayed data must reflect the database contents. The software architecture, hardware components, and network support must ensure high availability. Ensure privacy, security and data integrity.

3.3 - By presenting users with complex procedures, cluttered displays, inadequate and inconsistent functionality, and incomplete feedback, which of the following can occur among the users?

The answer is all of the above: Debilitating stress and anxiety that can lead to poor performance. Frequent minor and occasional serious errors. Job dissatisfaction.

1.2 - Designers are encouraged to consider the plasticity of their designs when building a successful interface. What does this mean?

The answer is all of the above: Ensure smooth conversion over different display sizes, such as cell phones to large plasma screens. The ability to translate into multiple languages for people across the world. Provide compatibility with accessibility-support devices for disabled users.

3.10 - Gregg is a frequent traveler who, like many of us, use an on-line travel website to book flights for business trips and vacations to get the best prices. However, the website if often uses has a serious bug: if he types the date for the trip in an incorrect format, the system freezes and leaves him unable to continue his task. Which of the following would be the best way to help solve Gregg's problem?

Update the interface so that the user cannot input improper dates, such as providing a calendar tool that allow the users to select a day and month from valid choices.

1.4.1 - Subjective satisfaction is of modest importance. Retention is obtained by frequent use. Operator training time is expensive, so ease of learning is important.

B. Industrial and commercial uses.

4.7 - In the absence of empirical data, human-interface guidelines are usually based on:

Best guess judgements from experienced professionals

8.7 - Suppose you are creating a tree-structured menu to handle the grouping of over ten thousand objects. You will need to decide how many levels will exist in the tree and then how many items will exist per level. In order to deal with this depth-breadth trade-off, which one is preferred? - Breadth (more items per level, but less levels). - Depth (less items per level, but more levels).

Breadth (more items per level, but less levels).

1.4.2 - Lengthy training periods are acceptable to obtain rapid, error-free performance, even when the users are under stress.

C. Life-critical systems.

8.4 - Suppose you are designing a menu to list songs on an MP3 player that has a capacity to hold a thousand songs. Which of the following ways should you organize the songs to lead to shorter response times by the user? - Alphabetical - Categorized by artist. - C - Random.

Categorized by artist.

5.9 - Simulating the day in the life of the user should be a part of the expert-review process. Which of the following methods fulfills this goal?

Cognitive walkthrough

2.7 - Sara works for a large corporation and spends a great deal of her workday at a computer terminal. Occasionally, she'll perform a series of actions and receive a confusing error message on the screen which will impede her work and not allow her to proceed. At this point, Sara should:

Complain to the designer (in person or via on-line feedback) who did not provide a more convenient mechanism for completing her task.

7.5 - Some designers believe that 3D interfaces will make it easier for users to learn because it more closely mimics the real world. Think about the following list of tasks and decided if 3D representations are helpful, and if so, select ALL that apply: - Computer-assisted design (CAD) - File directories - Medical Imagery - Digital libraries - Chemical structure modeling

Computer-assisted design (CAD) Medical Imagery Chemical structure modeling

5.8 - After a system's release, evaluation during active use is necessary to provide interface refinements to support even higher levels of service. Of the following evaluation methods, which one offers the most direct way to determine which errors occur most often in a system interface?

Continuous user-performance data logging.

3.1 - Successful design is usually the result of...

Copying ideas from products already established in the market.

8.2 - When is form fill-in a more attractive approach than menu selection? - Choosing an item from a list. - Data entry of text or numeric values. - When the grouping and sequence of menu items needs to be optimized.

Data entry of text or numeric values.

5.4 - Controlled experiments and usability tests are two different ways to test the effectiveness of a user interface. The following list of answer choices are properties of testing methods. Choose from below properties that are true of usability tests: (Select ALL that apply)

Designed to find flaws in user interfaces rapidly. Outcome is a report with recommended changes.

3.7 - After task analysis has been completed, the designer must choose an interact style for the interface. Which of the following is the interaction style when a designer creates a visual representation of the world of actions?

Direct manipulation

7.1 - Which of the following are examples of direct manipulation? (Select ALL that apply). - Dragging a file to a trashcan (recycle bin) icon - Typing SHIFT-F7 to load a thesaurus - Controlling a video-game character on- screen with a game controller. - Finding out the contents of a file directory by typing 'ls'. - Operating an industrial robot in a warehouse with a pointing device.

Dragging a file to a trashcan (recycle bin) icon Controlling a video-game character on-screen with a game controller. Operating an industrial robot in a warehouse with a pointing device.

8.1 - Which of the following is true of menus? - During input, they offer cues to elicit recognition. - They force users to recall the syntax of a command from memory. - Syntax is key to understanding.

During input, they offer cues to elicit recognition.

4.4 - Which of the following should have its own user-interface architect?

Each project

5.6 - Which of the following are valid limitations of usability testing (Select ALL that apply)?

Emphasizes first-time usage. Provides limited coverage of the interface features.

5.11 - One technique that expert reviews have at their disposal is to create a bird's eye view of an interface. This is done by laying out a full set of printed screens on a floor or wall. What advantage does this view give the reviewer?

Enables the reviewer to quickly see if the fonts, colors and terminology are consistent and that multiple developers have adhered to a common style.

7.4 - Which of the following statements are true about direct manipulation? (Select ALL that apply.) - Users can immediately see whether their actions are furthering their goals, and if the actions are counterproductive, they can simply change the direction of their activity. - In order to use the interface, a great deal of training is required from more experienced users. - Designs involving direct-manipulation may consume valuable screen space and force valuable information off-screen. - Users experience less anxiety because the system is comprehensible and because actions can be reversed easily. - Intermittent users have trouble retaining the operational concepts involved in the interface.

- Users can immediately see whether their actions are furthering their goals, and if the actions are counterproductive, they can simply change the direction of their activity. - Designs involving direct-manipulation may consume valuable screen space and force valuable information off-screen. - Users experience less anxiety because the system is comprehensible and because actions can be reversed easily.

7.6 - match the following extensions of direct manipulation with the statement that describes each term best. 1. Puts users in an immersive environment in which normal surroundings are blocked out by a head-mounted display that presents artificial worlds. 2. Keeps users in the normal surroundings and adds a transparent overlay with additional information. 3. Gives users physical objects to manipulate in order to interact with the interface. A = Virtual Reality B = Tangible User Interfaces C = Augmented Reality

1 - A: Virtual Reality 2 -C: Augmented Reality 3 - B: Tangible User Interfaces

1.4.3 - Ease of learning, low error rates, and subjective satisfaction are paramount because use is frequently discretionary and competition is fierce.

A. Office, home and entertainment applications.

2.2 - Suppose you are designing a touch-screen interface for a movie-rental kiosk in a supermarket. You want to provide the ability to search for a movie and then provide information on the cost. Which of the following would be the most effective way to improve search performance?

After each letter is typed in, update a browse-able list of movies whose name are consistent with the input the user has typed in so far.

2.4 - Some older adults avoid helpful computer-based devices, such as Automated Teller Machines (ATM), because they are anxious about breaking the device or making an embarrassing mistake. Which of the following would be a good starting point to help alleviate this fear of an ATM?

Interview older adults who are nonusers of computers to help understand the source of their anxiety.

1.3 - One goal in requirements analysis is to ascertain the user's needs. Which of the following methods is the most effective way to serve the user's goals?

Invest a significant amount of time into task analysis to determine what tasks and subtasks must be carried out.

3.6 - By emphasizing recognition over recall with the use of structured menus, consistent terminology, and high interface apparency, which of the following user groups will benefit most?

Novice users

5.12 - Eric runs an on-line gourmet foods business store on the World Wide Web. In order to better serve his customers, he wishes to ensure his interface meets his users' needs. However, he is a small business and his testing budget is modest. Which of the following testing methods would be most appropriate?

Place a web-based survey on the website to identify the problems users are having.

8.6 - Suppose you have a wall-sized display. Of the following type of menus, which type would be best to select a particular pen out of three possible choices? - Pull-down menu. - Toolbar. - Pop-up menu. - Fisheye menu.

Pop-up menu.

3.2 - Guidelines documents can help designers solve design problems that occur for a project.

Promote consistency among multiple designers in terms of terminology, visual look and action sequences.

7.3 - Suppose you are developing a new word processor that boasts more features than any of its competition. What would be the best way for intermittent users to remember all of the commands? - Provide detailed on-line help documentation, so the user can look up commands. - Provide visual cues, icons, menus and dialog boxes. - Allow user to specify commands in their natural (spoken) language.

Provide visual cues, icons, menus and dialog boxes.

7.7 - If a physical process is controlled from a remote location, it is referred to as teleoperation. What is a primary difference between traditional direct manipulation interfaces and teleoperation? - Remote controlled processes may have slower response or incomplete feedback. - Teleoperation involves physical actions and presses of labeled buttons, whereas direct manipulation involves complex syntax. - Reversible actions are not needed in traditional direct manipulation interfaces since the actions are local and therefore mistakes are less likely to occur.

Remote controlled processes may have slower response or incomplete feedback.

3.5 - What is the maximum amount of characters that expert users would prefer to type rather than change their input device, such as switching from keyboard to mouse?

Six to eight

3.11 - In Norman's model of human-computer interaction, what does he call the Gulf of Evaluation?

The mismatch between the system's representation and the user's expectations.

5.3 - Expert reviews are proven to be an effective way to evaluate interfaces. Which of the following are true about expert reviewers? (Select ALL that apply)

They can use a variety of methods, such as heuristic evaluation, consistency inspection and cognitive walkthrough. They should take training courses, be cognizant of guidelines, and try the interface as close as possible to a realistic work environment. They can be used early or late in the design phase.

4.3 - In the initial decades of software development, technically-oriented programmers designed programming languages and applications for themselves and their peers. What was a side effect of this phenomenon?

They created complex interfaces due to their substantial experience.

8.8 - Which of the following structures is it easier for a user to develop a mental model of? - Acyclic menu network. - Cyclic menu network. - Tree structure.

Tree structure.

1.6 - Subjectively satisfying the user is an important usability measure for determining the effectiveness of an interface.

True

3.12 - A solution to providing a sense of control to users is to expand the control panel whereby users specify personal preferences and system parameters.

True

3.14 - Micro HCI theories focus on measurable performance (such as speed and errors) on multiple standard tasks taking seconds or minutes in laboratory environments.

True

3.15 - Macro HCI theories focus on case studies of user experience over weeks and months, in realistic usage contexts with rich social engagement.

True

3.9 - Designers should be conscious of the type of input users can generate, and design the system so that users cannot make a serious error.

True

4.10 - When projects are not well defined, designers can find it useful to develop scenarios based on what happens when the user performs typical tasks in a workday. By writing these scenarios of usage, it provides an easy way to describe a system to even non-technical people involved in the project.

True

4.13 - Social impact analysis may address concerns or potential barriers to a successful user interface implementation.

True

4.14 - Legal issues may surface such as privacy, freedom of speech or copyright when dealing with user interface-intensive system design.

True

4.8 - If a user interface for a system causes fatal errors and is demonstrated to be difficult to understand, the designers and developers would be open to a lawsuit alleging improper design.

True

6.3 - iOS Human Interface Guidelines are based only on Apple product technology experience and not related to any recent research, theory or experience outside of Apple.

True

6.4 - Big data refers to extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions.

True

6.5 - The case studies in DTUI6 Chapter 6 were chosen strategically to highlight design contexts, various applications, and incremental continuous improvement.

True

6.6 - The Automated Teller Machine Case Study design example illustrated where what may have started out as a relative straightforward task turned into a methodical study of how to improve a user interface to the machines that were not only accepted but embraced by a wide variety of users (i.e. banking customers).

True

7.2 - True or false? By providing visibility of the objects and actions of interest, allowing reversibility of commands, and replacing typed commands with pointing actions, users generally react positively and enthusiastic about the interface.

True

8.10 - True or false? Audio menus can be useful when one's hands and eyes are busy, or to assist vision-impaired users. With audio menus, instruction prompts and lists of options are spoken. However, aside from being audible instead of visual, audio menus can be constructed using the same guidelines as visual menus.

True

8.3 - True or false? Dialog-box design is inherently different than menu-selection or form-fill-in design due to the fact that it interrupts users to select options or perform limited data entry.

True

8.9 - True or false? When menus vary their sequence of items adaptively to reflect pattern of use (i.e. moving the most frequently selected objects towards the top), users generally prefer this method.

True