Carbon and Alloy Steels and Alloy Steel Filler Metals

Axles and connecting rods are made from medium carbon steel.

Axles and connecting rods are made from ___________ carbon steel.

a) by adding alloying elements to the coating

How are the mechanical properties of low alloy SMAW electrodes improved over low carbon electrodes? a) by adding alloying elements to the coating b) by adding alloying elements to the core wire only c) by restricting their use to reverse polarity only d) by using high heats and making large weld deposits

c) C

If a SMAW alloy electrode contains nickel as the major alloy addition in the coating, which letter would be in the suffix? a) A b) B c) C d) D

a) phosphorus

In high percentages, this element is considered an impurity. In low percentages up to approximately 0.01%, it slightly improves the strength and corrosion resistance of low carbon steel. a) phosphorus b) sulphur c) silicon d) manganese

d) the suffixes

In the AWS classification system for low alloy electrodes, what identifies the specific additions for alloys? a) the last two digits b) the first three digits c) the prefixes d) the suffixes

c) carbon content in hundredths of 1%.

In the SAE or AISI number 1025, the number 25 indicates the: a) tensile strength of the material. b) percentage of alloy added. c) carbon content in hundredths of 1%. d) sulphur content of the steel.

Leaf springs used on automobiles are made from high carbon steel.

Leaf springs used on automobiles are made from ___________________carbon steel.

d) very high

Punches and dies are made from what class of carbon steel? a) low b) medium c) high d) very high

Structural shapes are made from low carbon steel.

Structural shapes are made from _________________________carbon steel.

d) steel bars

The SAE and AISI use the same numbering system for what type(s) of steel products? a) automobile frames b) sheet steel c) structural steel plates and shapes d) steel bars

b) sulphur

The content of this element in carbon steel is usually kept below 0.06%, but a content of 0.1 to 0.15% can improve its machinability. a) manganese b) sulphur c) phosphorus d) silicon

c) E7018

The slag of an E10018 is similar to the slag of which electrode? a) E6010 b) E7014 c) E7018 d) E7024

a) molybdenum

The suffix A1 indicates what specific alloy has been added to the coating? a) molybdenum b) chromium c) nickel d) manganese

d) the specific additions of alloying elements

What do the suffixes such as A1, B4 or C3 refer to in low alloy electrodes? a) the welding positions recommended b) the tensile strength of the core wire c) the chemical composition of the core wire d) the specific additions of alloying elements

b) class of steel

What is indicated by the first digit in the SAE or AISI numbering system? a) tensile strength b) class of steel c) carbon content d) percentage purity in hundredths of 1%

c) They improve resistance to heat and corrosion.

What is one advantage of using low alloy steels? a) A wider selection of electrodes is available. b) They increase the weight and thickness of welded structures. c) They improve resistance to heat and corrosion. d) Welding procedures are less strict.

a) They have a higher strength-to-weight ratio than carbon steels.

What is one characteristic of high-strength, low alloy steels? a) They have a higher strength-to-weight ratio than carbon steels. b) They have a lower strength-to-weight ratio than carbon steels. c) HSLA steels do not require any preheat prior to welding. d) They cannot be welded using GMAW, FCAW or SAW.

d) vanadium

What is the alloying element in carbon steel that tends to produce a fine grain structure during the heat-treating process? a) tungsten b) titanium c) chromium d) vanadium

c) 0.45 to 0.75%

What is the carbon content range of high carbon steels? a) 0.05% to 0.30% b) 0.30% to 0.45% c) 0.45% to 0.75% d) 0.75% to 1.50%

a) 0.05 to 0.30%

What is the carbon content range of low carbon steels? a) 0.05% to 0.30% b) 0.30% to 0.45% c) 0.45% to 0.75% d) 0.75% to 1.50%

b) 0.30 to 0.45%

What is the carbon content range of medium carbon steel? a) 0.05% to 0.30% b) 0.30% to 0.45% c) 0.45% to 0.75% d) 0.75% to 1.50%

d) 0.75 to 1.50%

What is the carbon content range of very high carbon steels? a) 0.05% to 0.30% b) 0.30% to 0.45% c) 0.45% to 0.75% d) 0.75% to 1.50%

b) lime

What is the major ingredient in the coating of an E9018? a) cellulose b) lime c) iron oxide d) titanium dioxide

d) carbon

What is the principal hardening agent in steel? a) tungsten b) manganese c) boron d) carbon

a) increase corrosion resistance

What is the purpose of having a chromium content of 12% to 30% in steel? a) increases corrosion resistance b) gives the steel a shiny finish c) increases hardness at high temperatures d) improves toughness at low temperatures

a) low alloy steels containing 0.50% to 1.25% chromium, 0.50% molybdenum

What type of material is E8018-B2L suitable for? a) low alloy steels containing 0.50% to 1.25% chromium, 0.50% molybdenum b) 300 series (austenitic) stainless steels c) nickel alloys for cryogenic service applications d) high manganese steels

a) low carbon

Which class of steel is generally tough, ductile, easily formed and usually welded without preheat? a) low carbon b) medium carbon c) high carbon d) very high carbon

c) manganese

Which element in carbon steels, in percentages up to about 0.80%, is intended to combine with sulphur to offset embrittlement and hot shortness. a) phosphorus b) silicon c) manganese d) carbon

a) nickel

Which element increases the strength and toughness of steel at low temperatures? a) nickel b) chromium c) tungsten d) molybdenum

c) molybdenum

Which element is used to decrease high temperature creep (slow stretching of steel under stress at high temperatures)? a) cobalt b) manganese c) molybdenum d) silicon

b) manganese

Which element, in percentages of 1% to 15%, increases the toughness and hardenability of steel? a) magnesium b) manganese c) molybdenum d) mercury

d) sulphur, phosphorus

Which elements exist in small quantities in carbon steels and are usually considered as impurities? a) iron, carbon, manganese b) silicon, sulphur, manganese c) phosphorus, silicon, manganese d) sulphur, phosphorus

a) ASTM

Which governing body writes specifications for structural steel shapes and plate? a) ASTM b) ASME c) AWS d) AISI

d) HSLA

Which steels are designed to provide improved strength, corrosion resistance or notch toughness, while retaining good weldability? a) SMAW b) ASTM c) ASME d) HSLA

c) ASTM and ASME

Which two organizations work closely together in issuing steel specifications for the fabrication of boilers and pressure vessels? a) SAE and AISI b) ASTM and AISI c) ASTM and ASME d) ASTM and SAE

d) to increase strength, hardness and toughness

Why are small amounts of nickel, chromium or molybdenum added to low alloy steels? a) to decrease tensile strength and hardenability b) so electrode selection is not so restricted c) welding procedures do not have to be controlled d) to increase strength, hardness and toughness

b) to slow down the cooling rate

Why is preheat necessary in the welding of most high carbon steels? a) to speed up the cooling rate b) to slow down the cooling rate c) to draw out impurities d) allows the use of AC current

a) to retain hardness at high temperatures

Why is tungsten alloyed with tool steels? a) to retain hardness at high temperatures b) to remove excess carbon from the steel c) to reduce hardness of the tool steel d) to increase strength at low temperatures